2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 07_(含课文、生词表、课后练习及-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年4月7日发(作者：介湘)

Unit 7 Attitude Is Altitude

A FAMOUS QUOTE

Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.

——Winston Churchill

态度微不足道，却意义深远。

——温斯顿·丘

吉尔

Winston Churchill （1874—1965）, British statesman and author known for his leadership of

United Kingdom during the Second World War and often described as the "savior of his country".H

served as Prime Minister twice and is the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobe

Prize in Literature.

温斯顿·丘吉尔（1874—1965），英国政治家及作家。在第二次世界大战期间展示了其领导才能，带领英

得胜利。常常被称之为“国家的拯救者”。他（曾于1940－1945年及1951－1955年期间）两度出任英国首相

且是1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主，他是诺贝尔文学奖获得者中唯一的一个英国首相。

Speaking Activity

Asking for and Giving Directions

Sample Dialogue

Read the following conversation. Pay attention to how the speakers ask for and give directi

Steve: Excuse me. I was wondering if you could help me ?

Jenny: Sure! What's up?

Steve: I'm trying to find this office. Do you know where it is?

Jenny: Yes. You need to go up this street and then turn right.

Steve: At the lights on the corner?

Jenny: Right. Then go down that street, and it's in the middle of the block.

Steve: You mean the one next to the hotel?

Jenny: Yes. The office is on the first floor.

Steve: Got it. Thank you!

Jenny: No problem!

Guided Practice

Directions: Talk about the directions to the train station in your city with your partner.

your own information. You may use the following tips to help you.

I was wondering if you could…

I'm trying to find…

Do you know where…？

You mean…

go up/down this street

make a…turn

turn…at the lights on the corner

It's…

Text A

New Words

1、motivator

somebody who makes one want to do something, especially something that invo

hard work and effort 鼓动者

2、employee

a person who, is paid to work for somebody 受雇者；雇员

3、positive

adj.

thing about what is good in a situation 积极乐观的

4、situation

all the circumstances and, things that are happening at a particular time a

a particular place 情况；形势；局面

5、curious

adj.

having a strong desire to know about something 求知欲强的；好奇的

6、mood

the way you are feeling at a particular time 情绪；心情

7、victim

a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the- result of a crime, a

disease, an accident etc. 受害者；牺牲品

8、complain

to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about somebody/somethi

怨；埋怨；发牢骚

9、protest

to say or do something to show that you disagree with or disapprove of someth

especially publicly （尤指公开）反对；抗议

10、junk

thing that are considered useless or of little value 无用的东西；无价值的东西

11、reflect

to think carefully and deeply about something 认真思考；沉思

12、company

a business organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or

services 公司；商行

13、involve

if a situation, an event or an activity involves somebody/something, they ta

part in it or are affected by it 牵涉；牵连

14、accident

an unpleasant event that happens unexpectedly and causes injury or damage事

意外遭遇

15、communications

methods of sending information, especially telephones, radio, compute

etc. 通信；交通联系

16、surgery

medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves cutting open a perso

body and often removing or replacing some parts 外科手术

17、intensive care

continuous care and attention, often using, special equipment, for pe

in hospital who are very seriously ill or injured （医院的）特别护理；重症监护

18、release

to let somebody/something come out of a place where they have been kept or

trapped 释放；放出；放走

19、scar

a mark that is left on the skin after a wound has healed 伤疤；伤痕

20、decline

to refuse politely to accept or to do something 谢绝；婉言拒绝

21、scared

adj.

frightened of something or afraid that something bad might happen 害怕的；恐

的；畏惧的

22、consciousness

the state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to unders

what is happening 清醒状态；知觉

23、paramedic

a person whose job is to help people who are sick or injured, but who is n

doctor or a nurse 护理人员；医务辅助人员

24、wheel

to move somebody/something that is in or on something that has wheels 用有轮之

动

25、emergency room

he part of a hospital where people who need urgent treatment are take

院）急诊室

26、burly

adj.

（of a man or a man's body） big, strong and heavy 高大强壮的；魁梧的

27、allergic

adj.

having an allergy to something （对……）变应的，过敏的

28、gravity

①the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on t

earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they

dropped 重力；地球引力 ②serious behaviour, speech or appearance 严肃；庄严

29、laughter

the act or sound of laughing 笑；笑声

30、attitude

the way that you think and feel about somebody/something; the way that you

behave towards somebody/something that shows how you think and feel 态度；看法

Phrases and Expressions

1、cut away to remove something from something by cutting 切除；砍掉；剪去

2、reflect on to think carefully and deeply about something 对……沉思

3、involve…in… to make somebody experience something, especially something unpleasant 把…

涉到……

4、take action to begin to do something to solve a particular problem 采取行动

5、be allergic to ① to have an allergy to something 对……过敏；厌恶 ②（in formal, humoro

to have a strong dislike of something/somebody 对…十分反感；厌恶

6、tanks to used to say that something has happened because of somebody/ something 幸亏；由

因为

Text A A Motivator

Pre-reading Questions

1. What kinds of situation cause you most stress? How do you try to react to them?

2. Among all the people you know, who has the attitude to life that you most admire?

A Motivator

He was a natural motivator.

If an employee was having a bad day, Michael was there telling the employee how he could lo

the positive side of the situation. Observing this style really made me curious, so one day I w

up to Michael and asked him, "I don't get it! You can't be a positive person all of the time. H

you manage to be so positive all the time?" ①

Michael replied, "Each morning I wake up and say to myself, 'You have two choices today. Yo

choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood.' I choose to be in a good mo

Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it.

choose to learn from it. Every time someone comes to me complaining, I can choose to accept the

complaining or I can point out the positive side of life. I choose to point out the positive si

life. "

"I don't think it's as easy as that," I protested. ②

"Yes, it is," Michael said. "Life is all about choices. When you cut away all the junk, eve

situation is a choice. You choose how you react to situations. You choose how people affect you

mood. It's your choice how you live your life." I reflected on what Michael said.③

Soon after, I left the company to start my own business. We lost touch, but I often thought

about him when I was faced with difficult choices.④

Several years later, I heard that Michael was involved in a serious accident, falling some

feet from a communications tower. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was

released from the hospital with rods placed in his back.⑤

I saw him about six months after the accident. When I asked him how he was, he replied, "If

were any better, I'd be twins. ⑥Do you want to see my scars?" I declined to see his wounds, bu

did ask him what had gone through his mind as the accident took place.⑦

"The first thing was the well-being of my soon-to-be-born daughter," Michael replied."Then,

lay on the ground, I remembered that I had two choices: I could choose to live or I could choos

die. I chose to live." "Weren't you scared? Did you lose consciousness?" I asked.

Michael continued, "…the paramedics were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fin

But when they wheeled me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the

doctors and nurses, I got really scared. In their eyes, I read, 'he's a dead man.' I knew I nee

to take action."

"What did you do?"I asked.

"Well, there was a big burly nurse shouting questions at me," said Michael. "She asked if I

allergic to anything. 'Yes,' I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited f

reply. I took a deep breath and yelled…

'Gravity. '

Over their laughter, I told them, I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, no

if I'm dead. '"

Michael lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude

learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Attitude, after all, is

everything.

Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will take care of itself. Each day has

enough trouble of its own. After all, today is the tomorrow you worried about yesterday.⑧

Key Sentences

1. Observing this style really made me curious, so one day I went up to Michael and asked h

"I don't get it! You can't be a positive person all of the time. How do you manage to be so pos

all the time?"

他的这种方式着实让我好奇，所以有一天我找到迈克尔问：“我真弄不明白。你不可能总是那样积极乐观

你是如何做到这一点的？”

2. "I don't think it's as easy as that," I protested.

“是的，不错。可并不那么容易呀。”我表示异议。

3. I reflected on what Michael said.

我沉思着迈克尔的这番话。

4. We lost touch, but I often thought about him when I was faced with difficult choices.

我们失去了联系，但每当我对生活做抉择时，我就会想起他。

5. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was released from the hospital

rods placed in his back.

经过18个小时的手术抢救和数周的重症护理后，他出院了，后背植入了金属棒。

6. If I were any better, I'd be twins.

我的身体已经恢复到最好状态。

（I have reached the best I can be. If were any better, there would have to be a second me.

7. I declined to see his wounds, but I did ask him what had gone through his mind as the

accident took place.

我没看他的伤疤，但我问他在事故发生的时候，他脑子里在想些什么。

8. After all, today is the tomorrow you worried about yesterday.

毕竟，今天就是昨天所担心的那个明天。

Notes

1. If I were any better, I'd be twins: I have reached the best I can be. If were any bette

there would have to be a second me.

2. Gravity is used as a pun. A pun is the often humorous use of a word with two meanings. H

gravity is both the force that pulled Michael to the ground when he fell from the communication

tower, and the serious appearance of the nurses and doctors when they were about to operate on

Text A A Motivator

Exercises

Ⅰ Checking Your Comprehension

Directions: Choose the best answer to each question from the information given in the passa

1. When an employee had a bad day, Michael would suggest that he________.

A） turn to colleagues for help

B） think positively

C） seek psychiatric advice

D） ask for leave

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】文章第二段开头给出了相关提示，If an employee side of

the situation，即如果哪位雇员有一天过得很糟糕，迈克尔会告诉他如何看待问题的积极

一面。答案为B。

2. If something bad happened, Michael would tell himself to_______.

A） complain about life

B） be in a good mood

C） choose to be a victim

D） gain something from it

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】文章第三段有相关细节， I choose to learn from it ，其中

D项中的gain

和learn 表达的内涵一致。答案为D。

3. Facing choices in life, you should know the most important point to remember is

that__________.

A） it's up to you to choose how you live your life

B） you must cut away all the junk in every situation

C） you should reflect on your choices again and again

D） you can choose to live a totally different life if you want to

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】文章第五段讲到When you how you live your life，即迈克

尔认为“你的选择是如何过你的生活”。be up to sb. to do sth.意为取决于某人。答案

为A。

4. When Michael had his accident, the first thing he thought of was __________.

A） the possible end of his life

B） the happiness of his future daughter

C） the skill of his doctors and nurses

D） the positive side of the accident

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】第八段末尾提到我问迈克尔在意外发生时他脑海里想到的第一件事是什么，

第九段是迈克尔的回答：The first thing was the well-being of my soon-to-be-born

daughter。答案为B。

5. Responding to the nurse's question, he shouted "gravity" to______.

A） show he was frightened

B） please the doctors and nurses

C） make a joke

D） reveal his allergy

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】相关内容在第十二至十四段，医生问他对什么过敏，迈克尔的回答是重力。

教材第243页对此处使用的双关语也做了解释。A项意为表现出他很害怕，D项意为显示出

了他的过敏物，C项意为开个玩笑，B项意为逗医生和护士乐。正确答案应该在B或C项

中。依据课文提供的语境，迈克尔在生命危急时刻，面对医生和护士的关切，用这种令人

开怀的回答缓解了当时的紧张氛围，也表示出自己必须战胜伤痛的决心，因此C项比较符

合。答案为C。

Ⅱ Building Your Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words g

in the brackets.

1. You have every reason to be _______about the future. （positive, positively）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】positive

【答案解析】be 动词一般为形容词形式。positive是形容词，意为“积极的“；其副词

形式是positively。答案为positive。

2. Children are _________ about animals and how they live. （curious, curiosity）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】curious

【答案解析】be curious about 为固定搭配，意为“对……很好奇”。答案为curious。

3. The American couple would ________about the high cost of visiting Europe.（complain,

complaint）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】complain

【答案解析】complain 是动词，意为“抱怨、埋怨”。complaint 是名词形式，意为“抱

怨、委屈”。本题缺少谓语动词，complain about 是固定短语。答案为complain。

4. Did the newspapers really ______the outcome of the election? （affect, affection）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】affect

【答案解析】本题缺少谓语，应用动词形式。affect意为“影响”，affection 是其名词

形式。答案为affect。

5. I'm _______of telling her what really happened. （scare, scared）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】scared

【答案解析】be scared of doing sth.意为“害怕做某事”，为固定搭配。scare 是动词

形式，意为害怕、惊恐。答案为scared。

6. The pain was so bad that I lost______. （conscious, consciousness）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】consciousness

【答案解析】本题缺少宾语，应用名词形式。consciousness 是名词，意为“意识”。

conscious 是形容词形式。答案为consciousness。

Section B

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

situation情况，形式 curious 好奇的 attitude 态度 release释放，放出

accident 事故 involve 介入 intensive 加强的，细致的 decline 谢绝，婉拒

1. Seven men were killed in a serious mining _______ yesterday.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】accident

【答案解析】mining accident 意为“煤矿事故”，符合题意。答案为accident。

2. The country is facing a very difficult economic _________.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】situation

【答案解析】本题缺少宾语，应填入名词形式。economic situation 意为“经济形式”，

符合题意。答案为situation。

3. They _______to tell me how they had got my address.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】declined

【答案解析】本题缺少谓语，应填入动词形式。decline不仅可以表示“下降、衰落”，

还可以表示“（有礼貌地）谢绝、拒绝”。根据后面出现的过去完成时态，主句应该用一

般过去时。答案为declined。

4. He told me that the operation ______him from years of pain.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】had released

【答案解析】结合句意“他告诉我手术已经把他从多年的病痛中解脱出来。”题中主句时

态为一般过去时，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，即过去的过去，因此从句应用过去完成

时。release…from为固定搭配，意为释放或减轻痛苦。答案为had released。

5. He has been in_______ care since the accident last Saturday night.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】intensive

【答案解析】本空缺少形容词修饰 care, intensive 意为“细心地、周密的”，符合题

意。答案为intensive。

6. The goal is to_______ workers in the decision-making process.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】involve

【答案解析】involve…in…意为“把……牵涉到……”，为固定搭配，且符合题意。答案

为involve

。

Section C

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word.

1. I had never seen Ann ________such a good mood before.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】in

【答案解析】in…mood意为“有做某事的心思或兴致”，为固定搭配。答案为in。

2. We all too easily point ________our mothers' failings.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】out

【答案解析】point out为固定短语，意为“指出（缺点、错误等）”。答案为out。

3. The judge reacted angrily ________the suggestion that it hadn't been a fair trial.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】react to sb./ sth.意为“对……作出反应”，为固定搭配。答案为to。

4. Josie reflected ________how easily she could have been killed.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】on

【答案解析】reflect on…意为“对……沉思”，为固定搭配。答案为on。

5. He was released ______prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】from

【答案解析】release…from为固定搭配，意为“从……释放”，或“减少……的痛

苦”。答案为from。

6. I like cats but unfortunately I'm allergic ________ them.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】be allergic to…为固定搭配，意为“对……过敏”。答案为to。

Text A A Motivator

Ⅲ Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You

choose a suitable one from the list given.

②worth ⑥amazing ①figure out ⑩troubles ⑧as

④happening ⑨happily ⑤astonishment ③over ⑦on top of

One day a farmer's donkey fell down a well. The animal cried piteously for hours as the far

tried to ① what to do. Finally, he decided the animal was old, and the well needed to be cover

anyway; it just wasn't ② _it to retrieve the donkey.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】① figure out ②worth

【答案解析】① figure out 意为认真思考并想出（解决的办法或答案），符合题意。答

案为 figure out。

②译文：最后他决定，这头驴已经老了，而且这口井迟早也会被掩埋。不值得再把这

头驴救出来了。worth 是形容词，意为值得，符合题意。答案为worth。

He invited all his neighbours to come ③ and help him. They all grabbed a shovel and began

shovel dirt into the well. At first, the donkey realized what was ④ and cried horribly. Then h

quieted down.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】③ over ④ happening

【答案解析】③ come over 为固定搭配，意为过来、到这里，符合题意。答案为over。

④ 译文：一开始，这头驴意识到了正在发生着什么，于是它痛哭起来。本句为进行时

态，因此应填入分词形式。答案为happening。

A few shovel loads later, the farmer finally looked down the well. To his ⑤ with each shov

dirt that hit his back, the donkey was doing something ⑥ He would shake it off and take a step

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】⑤ astonishment ⑥ amazing

【答案解析】⑤ to one's surprise/astonishment 意为令某人吃惊/意外的是。答案为

astonishment。

⑥ 第三段讲到，众人本想着连驴一起填埋，没想到这头驴却把身上的土晃掉，并弄成

了一个台阶（以便蹬上去更靠近井口）。所以修饰 something 的应该是 amazing（ a.令

人惊奇的、意外的）。答案为amazing。

As the farmer's neighbours continued to shovel dirt ⑦ the animal, he would shake it off an

take a step up. Pretty soon, everyone was amazed ⑧ the donkey stepped up over the edge of the

and ⑨ trotted off!

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】⑦ on top of ⑧ as ⑨ happily

【答案解析】⑦ 本空意为“往驴身上填土”，因此on top of （在……顶部）符合题

意。答案为on top of。

⑧ 本空缺少连词，as在这句话中意为随着，表示两个动作的同时发生。答案为as。

⑨ 本空缺少副词修饰动词trotted off，备选项中只有happily（adv.高兴地、快乐

地）合适。答案为happily。

Life is going to shovel dirt on you, all kinds of dirt. The trick to getting out of the wel

to shake it off and take a step up. You should realize each of your ⑩ is a stepping stone.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】⑩ troubles

【答案解析】本空缺少名词作中心词，troubles意为难题、烦心事，符合题意。答案为

troubles。

【参考译文】

有一天，一个农民的一头驴掉到了井里。当这个农民试图想出解决办法时，这头驴可怜地哭了几个小时。

他决定，这头驴已经老了，而且这口井迟早也会被掩埋；不值得去挽救这头驴子了。

他请他的邻居们都过来帮助他。他们都手握着铁铲开始往井里填土。一开始，这头驴意识到了正在发生着

么，于是痛哭起来。然后他安静了下来。

农民填了一会土朝井下一看，出乎他的意料，他们铲土扔到驴的背上，但是这头驴正在做令人吃惊的事，

后背上的土抖掉并弄成台阶蹬上去。

农民和邻居们继续填土扔到驴的背上，他抖掉后背上的土并逐渐踩着台阶向上，随着台阶上升到了井的边

这头驴高兴地跑了出来。

生活正在将脏东西扔在你身上，各种各样的脏东西。逃出井口的办法就是抖掉脏东西并踩着向上。你应当

到，你的每一个难题都是一块垫脚石。

Ⅳ Translation

Section A

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in t

brackets.

1. I prefer teaching methods that __________________（让学生积极参与到中）.（involve…in…）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】can positively involve student in the study

【答案解析】involve…in…意为参与、参加。“积极地”可用positively表示。答案为

can positively involve student in the study。

2. We asked her to the reception,_________________（但是她谢绝了我们的邀请）.（decline）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】but she declined our invitation

【答案解析】decline表示有礼貌地谢绝或拒绝。注意时态为一般过去时。答案为but she

declined our invitation。

3. It involved_____________________________（为期三周的紧张谈判）.（intensive）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】an three-week intensive negotiation

【答案解析】“为期三周”可用复合式形容词three-week表示。“紧张的”可用

intensive表达。答案为an three-week intensive negotiation。

4. The government is______________________（采取紧急措施处理住房危机）（take action）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】taking urgent actions to deal with the housing crisis

【答案解析】“采取……措施”可用take action表示。deal with 可表示处理、解决。

“危机”可用名词crisis表示。答案为taking urgent actions to deal with the

housing crisis。

5. People here have________________________（一种对待工作更为轻松的态度）.（attitude）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】an attitude to work more easily

【答案解析】attitude意为态度。“轻松的”可用easily表示。本句可选用比较级。答

案为an attitude to work more easily。

Section B

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

Attitudes drive behaviour. Your body language is a result of your mental attitude. By adopt

particular attitude, you get into a mood and send out a message that everyone understands,

consciously or unconsciously. Almost always, you have a choice as to what attitude to adopt. Th

is nothing in any normal situation that dictates that you must react one way or another. If you

react by being angry, for instance, that's how you choose to feel. Since you do have a choice,

of the time you'll be better off if you choose to react in a positive rather than a negative wa

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【参考译文】态度驱动行为。你的肢体语言来自你的思想态度。有意或无意的，通过

采取某种特定的态度，你就进入某种精神状态，发出每个人都能明白的信息。几乎每一

次，你都可以选择采用什么态度。通常情况下，没有什么能够命令你该如何反应。举个例

子来说，如果你做出生气的反应，那就是你所选择的感觉。因为你有选择的机会，所以大

多数情况下，只要你以选择积极的态度来做出反应就比一个消极的方式要好得多。

Ⅴ Organizing Your Ideas

Directions: Put the following sentences in the proper order so that they make a complete

paragraph.

1. The main reason is because the way you look at things will affect your actions.

2. Your actions will be different because your attitude is different.

3. If you are always complaining that the world is always against you, what kind of motivat

will you have to go for your goals?

4. Why is being able to look at things positively important?

5. However, if you think positively, your mind will work towards finding solutions that mak

things work.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【答案】排列句子顺序： 4 — 1— 2 —3 —5

【答案解析】根据句子1的the main reason…可知是对一个问句的回答。因此句子4可

以作为开头。句子1最后的your actions可以连接句子2开头的your actions will

be…，后面句子3和5分别表明了两种态度：complaining和think positively，由此我

们可以判断出句子的顺序了。

【参考译文】

1、为什么能够积极地看待事物是重要的？

2、主要原因是因为你看待事物的方式将影响你的行动。

3、由于你的态度不同所以你的行动就会不同。

4、如果你总是抱怨，这个世界总是与你作对，那么你还有什么动力去达到你的目

标？

5、然而，如果你积极主动思考，你的信念将引领你朝着成功进取。

Ⅵ Reflecting on the Text

Attitude is something that you have to attend to—all of the time—if you wish to feel more

fulfilled in your life. A change of attitude can have a profound impact on how life treats you

because your attitude travels with you wherever you go. It is you who determines it and with it

create your professional and personal experiences.

Zig Ziggler

, a world-class motivational spea

says "Attitude is Altitude". What do you think he means? How does your attitude affect what you

and how you do it? How high do you aim?

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【解题思路】态度决定着高度，决定着我们人生的走向。本题以此为中心题目，要求写出

对名言的理解和态度对自己行为的影响。

1. 简要谈谈对Attitude is Altitude的理解，并摆明自己积极的态度立场

（positive altitude）。

2. 列举自己曾经遭受的困难或挫折，以及克服问题的经过。重点写出自己所采取的态

度对结果的影响（overcome difficulties）。

3. 总结积极的态度对人生及其他人良好影响，并制定自己的人生目标（aim/goal）。

Text B Attitude Is Everything

New words

1、achieve

to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially by m

an effort for a long time （凭长期努力）达到（某种目标、地位、标准）

2、monitor

to watch and check something over a period of time in order to see how it

develops, so that you can make any necessary changes 监视；检查

3、performance

how well or badly you do something 表现；工作情况

4、generally

adv.

in most cases 普遍地；广泛地

5、seminar

a meeting for discussion or training 研讨会；培训会

6、fundamental

adj.

central; forming the necessary basis of something 基础的；基本的

7、puzzled

adj.

unable to understand something or the reason for something 困惑的；迷惑不解

8、awareness

knowing that something exists and is important 认识；意识

9、inner

adj.

（of feelings, etc.） not expressed or shown to other people 内心的；未表达出

10、self-encouragement

the act of encouraging oneself to do something 自我鼓励

11、self-motivation

the act of making oneself want to do something, especially something

involves hard work and effort 自我激励

12、self-defeat

being defeated by oneself 自我挫败

13、self-pity

pity for oneself 自怜

14、encounter

to experience something, especially something unpleasant or difficult,

while you are trying to do something else 遭遇，遇到（尤指不快或困难的事）

15、heartache

a strong feeling of sadness or worry 痛心；伤心；忧虑

16、physical

adj.

connected with a person's body rather than their mind 身体的；躯体的

17、emotional

adj.

connected with people's feelings 感情的；情绪的

18、respond

to do something as a reaction to something that somebody has said or done作

应；响应

19、program

to give a computer, etc. a set of instructions to make it perform a particul

task 编写程序

20、software

the programs, etc. used to operate a computer 软件

21、install

to put a new program into a computer 安装，建立（程序）

22、behavior

（

AmE

） the way a person, an animal, a plant, chemical, etc. behaves or

functions in a particular situation 表现方式，活动方式

23、inaccurate

adj.

not exact or accurate 不精确的；不准确的

24、influential

adj.

having a lot of influence on somebody/something 很大影响的；有支配力的

25、self-criticism

the process of looking at and judging your own faults or weaknesses

自我批评（或批判）

26、optimistic

adj.

expecting good things to happen or something to be successful 乐观的

27、pessimistic

adj.

expecting bad things to happen or something not to be successful 悲观的

28、consciously

adv.

in a deliberate way 有意地；刻意地

29、habitual

adj.

（of a person） doing something that has become a habit and is therefore

difficult to stop 习惯性的；积习很深的

30、self-esteem

a feeling of being happy with your own character and abilities 自尊（心）

31、resentment

a feeling of anger or unhappiness about something that you think is unfai

恨；怨恨

32、inability

the fact of not being able to do something 无能；无力；不能

33、baggage

the beliefs and attitudes that somebody has as a result of their past experi

（因阅历而形成的）信仰，看法

Phrases and Expressions

1、have control over to have the ability to make somebody/something do what you want 对……

制能力

2、wear down to make somebody/something weaker or less determined 使衰弱；使意志薄弱

3、cheer on to give shouts of encouragement to somebody in a race, competition, etc 以喝彩声

励；为（某人）加油

4、rid yourself of to make yourself free from somebody/something that is annoying you or ca

you a problem 摆脱；从……中解脱

Pre-reading Questions

1. How do you understand the saying "Attitude is everything"?

2. What strategies can you develop to improve your attitude?

Attitude Is Everything

One of the most important steps you can take toward achieving your greatest potential in li

to learn to monitor your attitude and its impact on your work performance, relationships and

everyone around you.①

I generally start my workshops and seminars by asking a fundamental question: What attitude

you brought to this meeting? This often brings puzzled looks. In truth, people generally don't

a high level of attitude awareness. They know if they are hungry or if their feet hurt, but the

usually neglect to trouble over their attitude. That is a mistake because attitude is everythin

governs the way you perceive the world and the way the world perceives you.

We all have a choice. We can choose an inner dialogue of self-encouragement and self-motiva

or we can choose one of self-defeat and self-pity. It's a power we all have. Each of us encount

hard times, hurt feelings, heartache, and physical and emotional pain. The key is to realize it

not what happens to us that matters; it's how we choose to respond.②

Our minds are computers that can be programmed. We can choose whether the software installe

productive or unproductive. Our inner dialogue is the software that programs our attitudes, whi

determines how we present ourselves to the world around us.③ We have control over the programm

Whatever we put into it is reflected in what comes out.

Many of us have behavior patternstoday that were programmed into our brains at a very tend

age. The information that was recorded by our brains could have been completely inaccurate or c

The sad reality of life is that we will continue to hear negative information, but we don't hav

program it into our brains.

The loudest and most influential voice we hear is our own inner voice, our main source of s

criticism. It can work for or against us, depending on the messages we allow. It can be optimis

or pessimistic. It can wear us down or cheer us on. We control the sender and the receiver, but

if we consciously take responsibility for and exercise control over our inner conversation.

Habitual bad attitudes are often the product of past experiences and events. Common causes

include low self-esteem, stress, fear, resentment, anger and an inability to handle change. It

serious work to examine the roots of a harmful attitude, but the rewards of ridding ourselves o

this heavy baggage can last a lifetime.④

Key Sentences

1. One of the most important steps you can take toward achieving your greatest potential in

is to learn to monitor your attitude and its impact on your work performance, relationships and

everyone around you.

要想在生活中发挥自己最大的潜力，最重要几步之一就是学会检查自己的态度及其对自己工作成绩、人际

和你周围的人的影响。

2. The key is to realize it's not what happens to us that matters; it's how we choose to

respond.

关键是要认识到，重要的并不是发生了什么事情，而是我们选择如何去面对。

3. Our inner dialogue is the software that programs our attitudes, which determines how we

present ourselves to the world around us.

我们的内心对话就是给我们的态度发出指令的软件，它决定着我们如何向周围的世界展现自己。

4. It takes serious work to examine the roots of a harmful attitude, but the rewards of rid

ourselves of this heavy baggage can last a lifetime.

弄清有害的态度根源何在需要一番努力，但是摆脱这一沉重的包袱却能使我们终身受益。

Notes

1. Behavior pattern is a relatively uniform series of overt activities that can be observed

some regularity.

Exercises

Ⅰ Checking Your Comprehension

Section A

Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y （ for Yes） if the statement agrees w

the information given in the text; N （for No） if the statement contradicts the information gi

in the text; NG （for Not Given） if the information is not given in the text.

（） 1. Monitoring attitude and its impact is vital for achieving one's greatest potent i

life.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】题干译文：掌控着态度及其影响对达到一个人最大的潜力是关键的。文章的

意思是说，掌控着态度及其影响达到人生最大潜能的几个重要步骤之一（第一段One of

the most…to monitor your attitude and its impact…）。这说明“掌控态度及其影

响”是关键的。题干与原文表达的含义一致。答案为Y。

（） 2. Most people don't develop much attitude awareness.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】题干译文：大多数人并不会发展太多的态度意识。这与第二段中“…people

generally don't have level of attitude awareness”含义一致。答案为Y。

（） 3. We all have the power to overcome the difficulties with which we are faced in lif

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】NG

【答案解析】题干译文：我们都具有克服人生中面对困难的能力。定位到第三段可以发现

“It's a power we all have”，其中power指的是前面“We can choose an inner…and

self-pity”，即我们可以选择自我鼓励和自我激励的内心对话，或者选择自我挫败和自

怜。这与题干表达不符，题干的说法文中未提及。答案为NG。

（） 4. What happens to us determines how we choose to respond.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】NG

【答案解析】题干译文：发生在我们身上的事情决定着我们选择的应对方式。文中无相关

信息涉及题干内容。答案为NG。

（） 5. It is sad that we fail to program negative information into our brains.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】N

【答案解析】题干译文：我们不能在大脑中编入消极信息，这很悲哀。文章第五段明确

说，令人悲哀的是我们将继续听到负面信息，但是我们没有必要把它编程进入我们的大脑

（The sad reality of life…into our brains）。因此并不是说我们“不能”，而是

“没有必要”，因此题干的表述是错误的。答案为N。

（） 6. Past experiences and events may cause us to form habits that produce bad attitude

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】题干译文：过去的经历和事件可能让我们形成一种制造“坏的态度”的习

惯。文章最后提到惯性的负面态度通常是过去的经历和事件的产物。常见的原因包括缺乏

自尊心、压力大、恐惧、憎恨、愤怒和没有能力去改变（Habitual bad attitude are

often the…to handle change）。答案为Y。

Section B

Directions: Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text.

1. The author's question at the start of his workshops or seminars often brings__________.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】puzzled looks

【答案解析】文章第二段开头提到I generally start…puzzled looks，由此我们可以得

出答案。答案为puzzled looks。

2. It's not good not to know about your attitude because_______.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】attitude is everything

【答案解析】第二段提到人们很少意识到“态度”的问题，这是错误的，因为态度就是一

切（In truth…is everything）。根据本空的含义可以总结性地填入attitude is

everything。答案为attitude is everything。

3. The essential point is not to worry about what happens to us but to realize it's

_________that matters.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】how we choose to respond

【答案解析】第三段最后提出“The key is to…choose to respond”，即关键是要认识

到，重要的并不是发生了什么事情，而是我们选择如何去面对。答案为how we choose to

respond。

4. Behavior patterns were programmed into our brains at________.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】a very tender age

【答案解析】第五段开头讲到Many of us have…at a very tender age，由此我们可以

得出答案。答案为a very tender age。

5. ________is the loudest and most influential voice we hear.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Our own inner voice

【答案解析】文章第六段第一句有相关信息，The loudest and…is our inner voice。答

案为Our own inner voice。

6. The rewards of ridding ourselves of _______can last a lifetime.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】a harmful attitude

【答案解析】文章第七段有相关信息，文章中所说的沉重负担意思指的就是有害的态度。

This heavy baggage指的就是a harmful attitude。答案为a harmful attitude。

Ⅱ Building Your Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words g

in the brackets.

1. There are many who will work hard to ________these goals. （achieve, achievement）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】achieve

【答案解析】本题不定式标志词to之后缺少动词原形，因此填入achieve，而并非其名词

形式achievement。答案为achieve。

2. He is _________ accepted as the world's greatest expert in the field. （general, general

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】generally

【答案解析】本空需要副词修饰动词accept，因此应填入generally（通常地）。答案为

generally。

3. I'm a bit ______ that I haven't heard from Liz for so long. （puzzled, puzzling）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】puzzled

【答案解析】两个备选项均为形容词形式，均意为令人迷惑的。puzzled一般修饰人，

puzzling一般修饰物，本题的主语为I，因此应选择puzzled。答案为puzzled。

4. Depressed people often complain of _______symptoms such as headaches. （physical,

physically）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】physical

【答案解析】本空需要形容词修饰名词symptoms（症状），因此应选择physical（身体上

的）。答案为physical。

5. It's important to _______ that this situation is only temporary. （realize, realization）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】realize

【答案解析】It is important to do sth.为固定句型，因此本题应选择动词原形。

realization（意识）是动词realize的名词形式。答案为realize。

6. She wanted to work for a bigger and more _______ newspaper. （influence, influential）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】influential

【答案解析】本空应该填入形容词修饰名词newspaper，因此应填入influential（有影响

力的），influence是其名词形式。答案为influential。

Section B

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the word given below. Change the form where necessary.

encounter 遇见、面对 performance 表现、表演 awareness 意识 install 安装

inaccurate 不准确的 optimistic乐观的 behavior 行为，举止 monitor 监视

1. Every day of our lives we_______ stresses of one kind or another.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】encounter

【答案解析】本句缺少谓语，因此可填入动词encounter，意为遇见、面对。答案为

encounter。

2. I don't like that book because it is both ______and exaggerated.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】inaccurate

【答案解析】本空需填入表示否定意义的形容词与exaggerated（夸张的）形容词并列。

inaccurate意为不准确的，符合题意。答案为inaccurate。

3. Some athletes take drugs to improve their _____in the tournaments.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】performance

【答案解析】their后面缺少所修饰的中心词，可填入performance，意为表现、表演，符

合题意。答案为performance。

4. Police officers have been closely _____the organization's activities.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】monitoring

【答案解析】空格处可填入v.-ing形式与其前的have been构成现在完成进行时，也可填

入v.-ed形式与其前面的have been构成现在完成时的被动形式。结合句意（警方一直在

密切监视组织的活动）可以判断，空格处应填v.-ing形式。答案为monitoring。

5. There was a general lack of _____about safety issues.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】awareness

【答案解析】介词of之后为名词或动名词。a lack of awareness意为缺少意识，符合题

意。答案为awareness。

6. I remain _____that a peaceful settlement of the dispute can be achieved.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】optimistic

【答案解析】remain后可跟形容词或to do结构，optimistic意为积极的、乐观的、符合

题意。答案为optimistic。

Section C

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word.

1. Some understanding of grammar is fundamental _______learning a language.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】be fundamental to意为对……是很基础的、必要的，为固定搭配。答案为

to。

2. The university authorities responded swiftly ______students' demand for more new courses

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】to

【答案解析】respond to为固定短语，意为对……回应。答案为to。

3. Some teachers have more control _____pupils than their parents have.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】over

【答案解析】have control over意为对……有控制力，符合题意。答案为over。

4. She said that she was optimistic ______the future of the company.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】about

【答案解析】be optimistic about…意为对……很积极乐观（持乐观的态度）。答案为

about。

5. Most people will probably be cheering _____their favourite players.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】for/on

【答案解析】cheer for/on sb.意思是为某人加油，以喝彩声鼓励。答案为for/on。

6. You'd do well to rid yourself ______those romantic notions.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】of

【答案解析】rid sb. of sth.意为使某人从某事中解脱、摆脱，为固定搭配。答案为

of。

Ⅲ Translation

Section A

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in t

brackets.

1._____________________（通常来讲）that the darker the fruit the higher its iron content.

（generally）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Generally speaking

【答案解析】generally speaking表示通常来讲、一般地说来。注意首字母大写。答案为

Generally speaking。

2. The campaign aims to________________（提高人们对被动吸烟危害的意识）. （awareness）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】increase people's awareness of the harm of passive smoking

【答案解析】“意识”可用awareness表示。“被动吸烟”可译为passive smoking。答

案为increase people's awareness of the harm of passive smoking。

3. Dr. Davies believes that________________（孩子应该把握自已的人生）. （have control over）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】children should have control over their own life

【答案解析】have control over意为掌控、把握、控制。答案为children should have

control over their own life。

4. I hope the divorce won't___________________（对孩子们产生负面影响）. （negative）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】have a negative influence on children

【答案解析】“负面影响”可翻译为negative influence。答案为have a negative

influence on children。

5.____________________（不会使用计算机）is a serious disadvantage when you are applying for

jobs. （inability）

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Inability to use computers

【答案解析】inability是名词，意为不能或不会做某事。通常搭配为inability to do

sth.。注意首字母大写。答案为Inability to use computers。

Section B

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

Enthusiasm is to attitude what breathing is to life. Enthusiasm enables you to apply your g

more effectively. It's the burning desire that communicates commitment, determination and spiri

Enthusiasm gets you moving. It's the internal spirit that creates the commitment and belief in

you are doing and which is demonstrated in the ways you act. It is one of the most empowering a

attractive characteristics you can have. Humour is also a powerful motivator. The more humour a

laughter there is in your life, the less stress you will experience and the more positive energ

will generate to put your attitude into action.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【参考译文】热忱之于态度就像呼吸之于生命，意义重大。热忱，能让你更充分地发挥自

己的天赋。那是一种燃烧的渴望，使承诺、决心和心灵相连。热忱，让你更加有动力。它

是一种内在的精神，对于你正在做的事情，它赋予你认同和信仰，这都通过你的言行举止

表现出来了。热忱，是你可以拥有的最具有影响力也最吸引人的特质之一。诙谐幽默也是

一种非常强大的激发因素，生活中幽默和笑声越多，你经历的压力也就越少，你就会产生

更多的正能量表明态度。

Ⅳ Writing

Section A

Directions: Rewrite the following passage, giving the sentences some variety in length and

structure.

The Winslow family visited Canada and Alaska last summer to find some native American art.

Anchorage stores they found some excellent examples of soapstone carvings. But they couldn't fi

dealer selling any of the woven wall hangings they wanted. They were very disappointed when the

left Anchorage empty-handed.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Last summer, The Winslow family visited Canada and Alaska in order

to find some native American art. In Anchorage, they found some excellent

soapstone carvings in stores. Moreover/In addition, they wanted some kinds of

woven hangings, but/ however, they couldn't find a dealer selling that.

Finally, they were very disappointed when they left Anchorage empty-handed.

Section B

Directions: Renumber the sentences given blow to arrange them in what you think is the best

order.

1. Many children today are engaged in sedentary（久坐的）pursuits made possible by a level

technology unthinkable as recently as 25 to 30 years ago.

2. These passive pursuits have produced a downside of reduced physical activity for childre

3. Children on their lunch breaks or after school often come to these fast food outlets,

consuming food and soft drinks that are high in sugar, carbohydrates（碳水化合物）, and fat.

4. Computer, video, and other virtual games, the ready availability of feature films and ga

on DVD, plus high-tech advancements in music-listening technology have become affordable for pa

and even for children themselves.

5. Childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past 30 years.

6. Fast food outlets offering consumables（消费）that are both low in price and low in

nutritional content have exploded all over the American landscape since the 1960s.

7. Other fairly recent developments have also contributed to the alarming rise in child obe

rates.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】排列句子顺序： 5 — 1—4 — 2 —7 —6 —3

【答案解析】本段材料主要讲的是儿童肥胖问题，句子5可作为首句，摆出中心主题。下

面句子1、4分别从久坐和娱乐设施两方面说明儿童运动量减少的原因，由此引出句子2的

结论。从句子7开始介绍另外的导致儿童肥胖的原因，即对快餐的食用，也就是句子6和

3的举出的具体事例。

【参考译文】

1、在过去的三十年间，肥胖儿童增加了三倍多。

2、由于最近25到30年科技以难以想象的速度发展，致使今天的许多孩子们有可能

久坐不动。

3、计算机、录像机和其他游戏机，还有充斥市场的各种类型的影片及DVD视频游

戏，再加上高科技发展起来的听音乐技术，这些东西孩子的父母甚至孩子们自己都能够买

得起。

4、孩子们对这些消极活动的追求，已经产生了体育活动下降等负面影响。

5、最近其他情况也已经表明儿童肥胖在以令人担忧的速度上升。

6、自从六十年代以来，提供低价格、低营养消费品的快餐店迅速扩大，成为遍及美

国全境的一道风景。

7、孩子们吃午餐或者放学以后，常常来到这些快餐店，消费高糖、碳水化合物、和

高脂肪的食品和软饮料。

Practical Writing

Letters of Apology

An apology is a statement of regret and sorrow for wronging someone. A letter of apology is

simply a written apology in the form of a letter.

A letter of apology need not be lengthy, but it should refer to the offence and explain why

occurred. It should contain an admission of responsibility and possibly a promise not to repeat

mistake. It should show contrition, ask for forgiveness, and, if appropriate, offer compensatio

While letters of apology do not lend themselves to a rigid structure, they may include:

→an account of the misdeed

→an admission of guilt

→an explanation for why the offence occurred

→a statement of remorse

→reasons why the wrongdoing will not happen again

→a request for forgiveness

Dear Jack,

I am extremely sorry that I forgot about our lunch date. I was so busy at work that day

that it completely slipped my mind. To make amends, I would love to treat you to lunch

next Wednesday at that new Italian restaurant, Julieis. Does 12:30 pm work for you? I hav

marked this date in my planner so that I will be sure to see it. Again, I apologize for

missing our appointment.

Dan

Guided Practice

Directions: You were late again for class and the teacher was very unhappy. Write a letter

apology to your teacher in about 120 words.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【写作思路】本题要求写一封因为上课迟到而惹得老师生气的道歉信。下面简要列出写作

步骤：

1.注意信的开头要写明收信人的名字：Dear Miss/ Mr.…

2.首先要对自己迟到的事情表示深刻的歉意：I am so/extremely sorry that…

3.说明自己迟到的原因：illness（生病）、traffic（交通堵塞）、overwork（过度

工作）…

4.请求老师的谅解，并保证不再上课迟到：I apologize…And I promise…

5.最后在信的左下角注明写信人的名字。

Grammar in focus>

形容词与副词的比较级和最高级（Degrees of Comparison）

形容词和副词在句子中都属于修饰语。形容词主要用于修饰和描绘名词；副词主要用于修饰动词、形容词

词以及其他结构。英语中的形容词和副词在表示“比……更……”和“最……”的含义时，要采用比较级和最

的形式，与比较级和最高级相对的形式，称为原级。形容词和副词的比较结构可分为同级比较（也称原级比较

异级比较（也称为比较级比较）和最高级比较三种情况。

一、形容词和副词的同级比较

同级比较有肯定和否定两种形式，用于两种事物之间进行比较，肯定形式表示“一方像另一方一样……”

“两者同样……”，其基本结构是as＋形容词（副词）原级＋ as+比较对象；否定形式表示“一方不如另一

其基本结构是not so （as）＋形容词（副词）原级＋as＋比较对象。例如：

The city centre is

as crowded

today

it usually is.

Generally speaking, men

can't

calculate

so quickly and accurately as

computers.

二、形容词和副词的异级比较（比较级比较）

异级比较主要用于两个比较对象之间，表示“前者比后者更……”或“前者不如后者更……”，其基本结

形容词（副词）比较级＋than＋比较对象。例如：

Facts speak

louder than

words.

The new edition of the dictionary is

more expensive than

the old one.

提示：

·比较的对象必须是同类事物，即比较级的两端必须保持平行。

·有时，在同级比较as...as结构和异级比较more…than之间出现一个名词。这时，通常将名词置于比

构中间，但要注意冠词只能置于名词之前。例如：

He is

as clever a student as

anyone else in his class.

That was

more important a meeting than

we had imagined.

·在异级比较结构中，比较级的前面常常加上修饰语，表示程度。下列副词或短语可以用于修饰比较级：

even, much, still, a lot, a little, a bit, rather, slightly, （three） times 等。very只能用于修

容词的原级，不可用于修饰比较级。例如：

He is

far more truthful than

most people I know.

This text is

a little bit more difficult than

the other one.

·有时，比较级前面可加上冠词the，比较级后面加上一个表示比较的范围，这时比较级用于表示“两者

较为……的”，例如：

He is

the taller

of the two brothers.

Which of the two plans is

the better

·英语中的某些形容词，由于其本身所表达的词义已经暗含“与同类相比较为（最为）……”的意思，一

用于比较级结构，也不用程度副词very等修饰。这类词语主要有：

absolute, primary, correct, wrong, favourite, ultimate, perfect, eternal, first, last, true

wrong, unique, final, total, sole等。另外一些词，如senior, junior, inferior, superior等，后面

to来表示比较的对象。

三、形容词和副词的最高级比较

形容词和副词的最高级只能用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示“最……”的意思。形容词

高级前面通常要加定冠词，并有一个短语或说明比较的范围。副词的最高级前定冠词往往可以省略。例如：

Of all things in the world, people are

the most precious

Of all the students in this class, he works

（the） hardest

They competed to see who could work

the fastest and best

提示：

有时，most与形容词或副词连用，但并不表示最高级比较的意义，而是一般的程度副词，可译为 “很”

“非常”。例如：

The telephone is

a most useful tool

without which our modern life would be almost impossibl

She behaved

most generously

四、表示高级意义的比较结构

有些比较级结构在形式上属于同级比较或异级比较结构，但由于辅以某种词汇手段，如no, nothing, a

anything else, ever等，常常能表达最高级含义。例如：

He works

harder than anyone else

in the class.

Nothing

in my life shook me

so deeply as

this first arrival in Hong Kong SAR.

can't be worse than

that. （=That's the worst thing.）

五、不表示比较意义的比较结构

英语中的某些句子，虽采用类似比较级的结构但本身并不表示比较意义。此类句子常包含not so much…

more （less）…than, more of a… than, less of a…than等结构，表示“与其说……不如说”这种意义

如：

She's more of a poet than a musician.

She was less hurt than frightened.

六、几组常用短语的用法

形容词的比较级还可用于no more than（仅仅），more and more（越来越），the more…the more （

是……越是……）, all the more（更加），more than（不止是），less than（不到），so much the bet

（就更好了）等句型中。例如：

There are

no more than

a dozen students in such a big classroom.

I was

more than

surprised; I was astonished.

Actually, t

he busier

he is,

the happier

he feels.

As a result, the rich became

all the richer

Exercises

Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often __________or better than an

actual performance.

A） as good as B） as good

C） good D） good as

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】译文：你喜欢听唱片吗？我发现唱片通常和现场表演一样精彩，甚至会更

好。根据句意可知本题是平行结构的比较级，要用as+形容词+as来表示“和……一

样……”。答案为A。

2. The manufacturer claimed that this engine is _________the previous one.

A） as twice powerful as B） powerful as twice as

C） twice powerful as D） twice as powerful as

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】译文：制造商声称这个引擎的功率是之前那个的两倍。英语中表示“是……

倍数”，可以用“倍数+as+形容词+as”来表达。答案为D。

3. It is better to die on one's feet than__________.

A） living on one's knees B） live on one's knees

C） on one's knees D） to live on one's knees

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】译文：宁愿站着死绝不跪着生。live on one's knees意为“跪着活着”，

是固定搭配，C错；than连接两个比较的对象，前后结构应该一样，前面是不定式，后面

也应该用不定式。答案为D。

4. He is _______player as anyone else on the football team.

A） as an intelligent B） as intelligent a

C） so an intelligent D） so intelligent a

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文：他和足球队的其他人一样，是个有悟性的运动员。本题考查的是as+

形容词+as表示“和……一样”的用法，又player是可数名词的单数，其前要用不定冠词

a。答案为B。

5. He knows little of mathematics, and _________of chemistry.

A） even more B） still less

C） no less D） still more

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文：他数学不好，化学就更不懂了。首先根据句意可知A和D不符合。

still意为“仍然”，and前面的句子用的是little，后面的句子要用less来进行比较，

C意为“不比……少”，也不合题意。答案为B。

6. The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half________.

A） of last year's B） those of last year's

C） of those of last year D） that of last year's

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】译文：今年马拉松比赛记名的参与者人数是去年的一半。根据句意可知本题

是将今年和去年参加马拉松比赛的人数进行比较，that替代前边的主语the number of，

其中the number of是单数。如果替代复数名词的话，则用these或those。答案为D。

7. "Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?"

"No, I would gladly have paid __________for it."

A） twice so much B） twice as much

C） as much twice D） so much twice

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文：“你买这幅画花了500美元，后悔吗？”“不后悔，我应该庆幸没花

两倍的价钱买它。”本题是肯定句，不用so这种比较级形式，A和D错；表示“高达几

倍”要用“倍数+as much/many”，此处是比较的价钱，是不可数，要用much。答案为B。

8. This pair of shoes isn't good; that pair is _______better.

A） much B） very

C） less D） ever

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】译文：这双鞋不好，那双鞋要好些。修饰比较级不能用程度副词very以及

ever，也不能用本来就是比较级的less来修饰。答案为A。

9. Why is there _______traffic on the streets in February than in May?

A） less B） fewer

C） few D） little

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】译文：为什么这里二月份的交通不及五月份拥堵？从句中的than可以看出C

和D错误；traffic是不可数名词，要用little的比较级less。答案为A。

10. My new glasses cost me _________the last pair that I bought.

A） three times as much as B） three times more as

C） three times as many as D） as three times much as

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】译文：我的这副新眼镜花费了上次买的那副眼镜三倍的钱。as+形容词+as不

能和more than这样的比较级混用，B错；此题指的是花费的钱，是不可数名词，要用

much，C错；要用“倍数+as much as”来表示倍数。答案为A。

11. The heart is _________intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the

brain.

A） not so B） not much

C） much more D） no more

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】译文：心脏并不比胃聪明，因为它们都是受到大脑控制的。用于so的比较级

不能和than进行混用，A错；B根本就不是比较级；C和题意正好相反，和for引导的句

意相矛盾；no more than意为“并不比……多（好等等）”。答案为D。

12. The chief reason for the population growth isn't so much a rise in the birth rate _____

fall in the death rate as a result of improvements in medical care.

A） and B） as

C） but D） or

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文：人口增长的主要原因不是出生率的增长，而是由于医疗条件的改善而

导致的死亡率降低。根据题意知本题是将出生率的增长和死亡率的降低进行比较，题中已

经出现了so可知，要用“not so much as”来表示“不及，不如”。答案为B。

13. It is generally believed that the Internet has brought people together__________.

A） more than any invention B） more than any other invention

C） more than any invention has D） more than has any invention

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文：众所周知，因特网比其他任何发明都更能使人们联系在一起。本题是

将因特网和其他发明进行比较，注意这里的因特网也是一项发明，比较时要将因特网排

除，所以要在invention前面加上other。C和D中的has重复了，而且也没将因特网排

除。答案为B。

14. The project requires more labour than __________because it is extremely difficult.

A） has been put in B） have been put in

C） being put in D）to be put in

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】译文：这个项目需要的劳动力比已经投入的要多，因为它极其难。根据句意

可知put in发生在require之前，因此put in要用完成时，C和D错；又其逻辑主语

labour是不可数名词，要用has been put in。答案为A。

15. The social security retirement program is made up of two trust funds, ___________could

penniless by next year.

A） the larger one B） the larger of which

C） the largest one D） the largest of which

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文：社会养老保险项目由两种信托基金组成，其中占比例较大的那一种截

至明年会用光。首先这是两种信托基金之间进行比较，不能用最高级，C和D错；这两个

句子没有用连接词连接，不能直接用逗号连接，因此后句可以作从句，用which引导。答

案为B。

Tips for English learning

Speaking Out Loud and Talking to Yourself

Study out loud! Imitate the sounds of the language. Don't mumble. Although most people feel

embarrassed making strange sounds, the language will soon feel more familiar to you.

When called on in class, say something. Don't worry about being wrong: you'll learn from yo

mistakes. If you need a moment to think, repeat the question. If you don't know the answer, say

English, "I don't know" or "Can you give me a clue?"

Practise with a classmate. Don't be embarrassed. If you can find a foreign student who want

your help to learn Chinese, that's even better.

When on your own, don't be afraid to talk to yourself. It can help you to become more fluen

And the great thing is—you can do this anywhere: in the bath, in the car, while taking a walk,

preparing a meal, etc. Talking to yourself in English isn't the first sign of madness—it's the

first sign of determination to excel at language learning.

Try to put a regular time aside every day when you can talk in English. Talk about what you

yesterday, what you are doing now, about what you're planning to do in the future, and about

whatever most interests in inspires you.

[答疑编号5：针对该题提问]

【参考译文】

（学习英语时）要大声说出来，模仿语言的发音，不要含糊地小声说。尽管大多数人

都感到不好意思发出陌生的声音，但是不久你就会感觉到更加熟悉这门语言了。

当你上课被老师叫起来回答问题时，要说点什么，不要担心说错了。你可以从你的错

误中学习。如果你需要想一下，就重复一下这个问题，你不知道答案，你就用英语说“我

不知道”或者“您能否给个提示？”

跟同学一起练习。不要觉得不好意思。如果你能找到一个想要让你帮助学习汉语的外

国留学生，那就更好了。

当你独自一人时，不要害怕对自己说话，这样可以帮助你说得更流利。这样做的好处

是你可以随时随地对自己说话：在洗澡时、在汽车里、走路时、准备做饭时，等等。用英

语自言自语不是疯狂行为的第一迹象——它是下定决心要在语言学习上胜过他人的第一迹

象。

当你能够用英语谈话时，试着每天留出固定时间说英语。谈谈你昨天做了什么、你现

在正在做什么、将来你计划去做什么，等等。你可以谈任何最感兴趣或者激励你的话题。