2024年6月1日发(作者：业又绿)
学 海 无 涯
西 城 区 高 三 统 一 测 试
英 语
上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
2020.4
本试卷共 11 页，120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
The International Day of Families, which was started by the United Nations in 1993,
on May 15 every year. The day celebrates the
people’s understanding of issues
international 4 (level).
B
For thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In China
during the Shang Dynasty, people 5 (record) weather forecasts on animal bones
and tortoise shells. Centuries later, 6 Greece, the philosopher, Aristotle wrote
his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecasting advanced over time,
with more and more instruments used to measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Today,
satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more 7 (precise).
C
Last year, China started testing 5G mobile networks in several cities. The Hongkou District
of Shanghai was the first to operate a 5G network. To test the network, Wu Qing, vice mayor of
Shanghai, made a phone call 8 (use) a Huawei MateX, Huawei’s first 5G smartphone.
According to The Telegraph, “5G is the innovation that 9 (shape) all our lives for years
to come.” It is 10 (fast) and more stable than 4G, the previous generation of cellular ( 蜂
窝状的) network technology.
3
2
1 (hold)
(important) of families. It aims to deepen
are related to families. With a different theme each
year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
学 海 无 涯
It was late, about 10:, when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she
jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-
year-old son. She’d just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route
many times before. She practically 11 on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then
a left on Montauk Highway, and then—wham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito’s
minivan, 12 her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She 13
in the minivan, bruised ( 撞 伤 ) but mostly just knocked out by the 14 and the airbags.
As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for 15 . He’d just closed his book
and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass
coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer 16 and retired teacher, DiPinto,
64, never 17 to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣),
ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told Newsday. “We’re always
on 18 .”
The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had
Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and
signaling an oncoming 21 .
19 Esposito.
20 Esposito’s
minivan positioned on the the railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells
“The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the headlight of the
train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito’s minivan and knocked on the driver’s side window.
She 22 looked at him, her eyes unfocused. “I don’t know where I am,” she said. She
seemed unhurt. “Honey, you’re on the railroad 23 ,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to get
you off right now!” He pulled hard on the 24 , but the door was crashed in and 25 . The
heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them. DiPinto ran to the
passenger side and threw open the 26 . “Please, don’t let her be 27 ,” he thought.
He pushed aside the deflating ( 瘪 了 的 ) airbags, grabbed Esposito’s arms, and 28 her
toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to 29 behind
a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan.
“It was like a Hollywood movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day.
But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told
CBS New York, “the 30 arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.”
学 海 无 涯
11. A. drove
12. A. allowing
13. A. sat
14. A. action
15. A. class
16. A. doctor
17 A. stopped
18. A. duty
19. A. warned
20. A. observed
21. A. train
22. A. yet
23. A. yards
24. A. belt
25. A. unlocked
26. A. bag
27. A. scared
28. A. carried
29. A. return
30. A. police
B. walked
B. forcing
B. stood
B. noise
B. work
B. driver
B. troubled
B. time
B. caught
B. spotted
B. truck
B. just
B. stations
B. key
B. jammed
B. door
B. ignored
B. rushed
B. work
B. actor
C. rode
C. ordering
C. hid
C. impact
C. dinner
C. firefighter
C. intended
C. target
C. hit
C. realized
C. car
C. still
C. bridges
C. bell
C. open
C. book
C. trapped
C. guided
C. safety
C. reporter
D. hiked
D. reminding
D. waited
D. bomb
D. bed
D. engineer
D. wanted
D. schedule
D. followed
D. predicted
D. ambulance
D. even
D. tracks
D. handle
D. gone
D. box
D. defeated
D. pulled
D. life
D. hero
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
A
What it does
The self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic ( 光 催 化 ) and
blacklight technology. A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start
cleaning. It can minimize the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space.
How it works
The working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can
effectively decompose bacteria ( 细 菌 ) on the surface of a substance. A consistent UV light
source—inside a transparent glass door handle—is required to activate the door’s handle coating
学 海 无 涯
on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV
LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle can clean by
itself.
Design process
We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be
heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the
generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.
How it is different
Our innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant smooth shape,
and its minimalist appearance stands out in today’s world of inventions. Nowadays, people use
chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas but it harms the human body. Our design can
be used for a long time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the door lock and door
handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products.
Future plans
In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market
with similar products. We are going to connect with public properties, for example, shopping
malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.
Awards
In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in
2016, it was featured in the 44
th
International Geneva Inventions Exhibition.
31. How does the self-cleaning door handle function?
A. It controls the door movement automatically.
B. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact.
C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up.
D. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself.
32. Compared with the first version of the product, the present one is
A. safer and cheaper
C. less heavy and more effective
A. It has been widely used in public areas.
B. It has received recognition for its innovation.
C. It is quite competitive among similar products.
D. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials.
B. cleaner and easier
D. more attractive and expensive
.
33. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage?
学 海 无 涯
B
This little South American Magellanic penguin swims
5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be
reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like
something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an
island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on
rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.
Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet
of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin
back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and
wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers,
he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin
loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they
do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The
Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is
part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known
to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying
rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David
Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic
changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil
to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships
like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case
the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.”
34. Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to
A. avoid being killed
C. escape from ocean currents
35. When Din was found in 2011,
A. he was dying
C. he was resting on a rock
.
B. he was running on the beach
D. he was cleaning oil off his feathers
B. meet his rescuer
D. find much more fish
.
学 海 无 涯
36. What can we learn about Joao from the passage?
A. He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.
B. He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C. His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D. His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
37. The story in the passage mainly shows
A. the environmental impact on wildlife
B. the love between humans and wildlife
C. the tendency of wildlife to bond with humans
D. the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
.
C
Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and
purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are
employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a
consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process.
We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal
or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前 额
皮 层 ) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by
calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying
flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying
more of something we don’t actually need yet.
Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the
holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the
formation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol,
for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more
powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are
brought back even more easily by sensory input. This might be why we are often greeted by a
sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.
Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The
holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re
buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on
me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the
学 海 无 涯
same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have
to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to
assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that),
then there must be a reason.
Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge
to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good,
then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchases later. Before you
blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next
purchase.
38. From Paragraph 2, we learn that .
A. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation center
B. the common consumers always act unreasonably
C. the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fear
D. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing
39. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?
A. Creating a festival atmosphere.
C. Preparing more free samples.
A. They are more reliable.
C. They make people feel valued.
41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we
A. buy in the moment
C. return unnecessary products
B. Following the current fashion.
D. Offering a bigger discount.
B. They are a sign of social status.
D. They are favored by most people.
.
B. reduce our budget
D. make a plan in advance
D
The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most
importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives
have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a
nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an
“informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online
ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger
too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.
While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is
40. Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?
学 海 无 涯
not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.
For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure
sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the
truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged
foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared
with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.
Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger
isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or
processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.
What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of
guilt.
Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing
to climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲 烷 ) from cows and cattle is responsible for
about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more
than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even
knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to
make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that
many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for
humans to enjoy at dinner.
A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate
footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of
those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is
on guard.
42. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. These ads deserve little consideration.
B. We should spread the message of these ads.
C. We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.
D. These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.
43. What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?
A. They are likely to cause poisoning.
B. Their use is within the normal range.
C. Some have not been used in hamburgers.
D. They are used to ensure burgers taste good.
2024年6月1日发(作者：业又绿)
学 海 无 涯
西 城 区 高 三 统 一 测 试
英 语
上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
2020.4
本试卷共 11 页，120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
The International Day of Families, which was started by the United Nations in 1993,
on May 15 every year. The day celebrates the
people’s understanding of issues
international 4 (level).
B
For thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In China
during the Shang Dynasty, people 5 (record) weather forecasts on animal bones
and tortoise shells. Centuries later, 6 Greece, the philosopher, Aristotle wrote
his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecasting advanced over time,
with more and more instruments used to measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Today,
satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more 7 (precise).
C
Last year, China started testing 5G mobile networks in several cities. The Hongkou District
of Shanghai was the first to operate a 5G network. To test the network, Wu Qing, vice mayor of
Shanghai, made a phone call 8 (use) a Huawei MateX, Huawei’s first 5G smartphone.
According to The Telegraph, “5G is the innovation that 9 (shape) all our lives for years
to come.” It is 10 (fast) and more stable than 4G, the previous generation of cellular ( 蜂
窝状的) network technology.
3
2
1 (hold)
(important) of families. It aims to deepen
are related to families. With a different theme each
year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
学 海 无 涯
It was late, about 10:, when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she
jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-
year-old son. She’d just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route
many times before. She practically 11 on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then
a left on Montauk Highway, and then—wham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito’s
minivan, 12 her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She 13
in the minivan, bruised ( 撞 伤 ) but mostly just knocked out by the 14 and the airbags.
As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for 15 . He’d just closed his book
and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass
coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer 16 and retired teacher, DiPinto,
64, never 17 to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣),
ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told Newsday. “We’re always
on 18 .”
The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had
Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and
signaling an oncoming 21 .
19 Esposito.
20 Esposito’s
minivan positioned on the the railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells
“The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the headlight of the
train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito’s minivan and knocked on the driver’s side window.
She 22 looked at him, her eyes unfocused. “I don’t know where I am,” she said. She
seemed unhurt. “Honey, you’re on the railroad 23 ,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to get
you off right now!” He pulled hard on the 24 , but the door was crashed in and 25 . The
heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them. DiPinto ran to the
passenger side and threw open the 26 . “Please, don’t let her be 27 ,” he thought.
He pushed aside the deflating ( 瘪 了 的 ) airbags, grabbed Esposito’s arms, and 28 her
toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to 29 behind
a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan.
“It was like a Hollywood movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day.
But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told
CBS New York, “the 30 arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.”
学 海 无 涯
11. A. drove
12. A. allowing
13. A. sat
14. A. action
15. A. class
16. A. doctor
17 A. stopped
18. A. duty
19. A. warned
20. A. observed
21. A. train
22. A. yet
23. A. yards
24. A. belt
25. A. unlocked
26. A. bag
27. A. scared
28. A. carried
29. A. return
30. A. police
B. walked
B. forcing
B. stood
B. noise
B. work
B. driver
B. troubled
B. time
B. caught
B. spotted
B. truck
B. just
B. stations
B. key
B. jammed
B. door
B. ignored
B. rushed
B. work
B. actor
C. rode
C. ordering
C. hid
C. impact
C. dinner
C. firefighter
C. intended
C. target
C. hit
C. realized
C. car
C. still
C. bridges
C. bell
C. open
C. book
C. trapped
C. guided
C. safety
C. reporter
D. hiked
D. reminding
D. waited
D. bomb
D. bed
D. engineer
D. wanted
D. schedule
D. followed
D. predicted
D. ambulance
D. even
D. tracks
D. handle
D. gone
D. box
D. defeated
D. pulled
D. life
D. hero
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上
将该项涂黑。
A
What it does
The self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic ( 光 催 化 ) and
blacklight technology. A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start
cleaning. It can minimize the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space.
How it works
The working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can
effectively decompose bacteria ( 细 菌 ) on the surface of a substance. A consistent UV light
source—inside a transparent glass door handle—is required to activate the door’s handle coating
学 海 无 涯
on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV
LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle can clean by
itself.
Design process
We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be
heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the
generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.
How it is different
Our innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant smooth shape,
and its minimalist appearance stands out in today’s world of inventions. Nowadays, people use
chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas but it harms the human body. Our design can
be used for a long time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the door lock and door
handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products.
Future plans
In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market
with similar products. We are going to connect with public properties, for example, shopping
malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.
Awards
In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in
2016, it was featured in the 44
th
International Geneva Inventions Exhibition.
31. How does the self-cleaning door handle function?
A. It controls the door movement automatically.
B. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact.
C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up.
D. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself.
32. Compared with the first version of the product, the present one is
A. safer and cheaper
C. less heavy and more effective
A. It has been widely used in public areas.
B. It has received recognition for its innovation.
C. It is quite competitive among similar products.
D. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials.
B. cleaner and easier
D. more attractive and expensive
.
33. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage?
学 海 无 涯
B
This little South American Magellanic penguin swims
5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be
reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like
something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an
island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on
rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.
Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet
of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin
back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and
wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers,
he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin
loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they
do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The
Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is
part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known
to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying
rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David
Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic
changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil
to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships
like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case
the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.”
34. Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to
A. avoid being killed
C. escape from ocean currents
35. When Din was found in 2011,
A. he was dying
C. he was resting on a rock
.
B. he was running on the beach
D. he was cleaning oil off his feathers
B. meet his rescuer
D. find much more fish
.
学 海 无 涯
36. What can we learn about Joao from the passage?
A. He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.
B. He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C. His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D. His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
37. The story in the passage mainly shows
A. the environmental impact on wildlife
B. the love between humans and wildlife
C. the tendency of wildlife to bond with humans
D. the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
.
C
Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and
purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are
employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a
consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process.
We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal
or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前 额
皮 层 ) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by
calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying
flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying
more of something we don’t actually need yet.
Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the
holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the
formation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol,
for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more
powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are
brought back even more easily by sensory input. This might be why we are often greeted by a
sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.
Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The
holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re
buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on
me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the
学 海 无 涯
same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have
to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to
assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that),
then there must be a reason.
Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge
to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good,
then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchases later. Before you
blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next
purchase.
38. From Paragraph 2, we learn that .
A. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation center
B. the common consumers always act unreasonably
C. the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fear
D. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing
39. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?
A. Creating a festival atmosphere.
C. Preparing more free samples.
A. They are more reliable.
C. They make people feel valued.
41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we
A. buy in the moment
C. return unnecessary products
B. Following the current fashion.
D. Offering a bigger discount.
B. They are a sign of social status.
D. They are favored by most people.
.
B. reduce our budget
D. make a plan in advance
D
The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most
importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives
have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a
nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an
“informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online
ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger
too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.
While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is
40. Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?
学 海 无 涯
not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.
For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure
sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the
truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged
foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared
with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.
Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger
isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or
processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.
What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of
guilt.
Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing
to climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲 烷 ) from cows and cattle is responsible for
about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more
than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even
knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to
make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that
many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for
humans to enjoy at dinner.
A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate
footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of
those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is
on guard.
42. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. These ads deserve little consideration.
B. We should spread the message of these ads.
C. We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.
D. These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.
43. What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?
A. They are likely to cause poisoning.
B. Their use is within the normal range.
C. Some have not been used in hamburgers.
D. They are used to ensure burgers taste good.