09年高考英语题型专项训练-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年8月13日发(作者：函尔真)

09年高考英语题型专项训练

英语语音知识

制作人：齐万年

一、音标：

1、字母：词的书写形式，元音字母 a e i o u. 音标：词的语音形式.

2、音素：语音的最小单位。

3、音标：标记音素的符号。如：Jones (英国), Kenyon & Knott (美国)

教材采用国际音标：用 / / 或 [ ] 表示，与字母区别开来。

4、国际音标分类：

(48个)音标

5、

元音的分类：

6、辅音的分类：

发音方法

爆破音

摩擦音

鼻音

舌边

音

破擦音

是否振动

清辅音

(不)

浊辅音

(振)

7、拼读方法:

即：元音和前面的辅音相拼，其它依次读出

辅音

元音

二、音节：

由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, under'stand：

1、划分：音节的核心是元音，有多少元音就有多少音节。只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。有多个音节

的词叫多音节词。

2、音节分重读音节和非重读音节。重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。每个单词至少有一个(可以两

个或多个)重读音节，并用标记，单音节词只有一个音节，本身就重读，不用标记。

如：

3、成音节：(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音，但也是一个音节，成音节属于非重读音节。

4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节，有一个音节重读，一个音节次重读，分别用和来标记。

如：

5、开音节：a) 元+辅+ e name, bike, tone

b) 辅+元 he, go, hi

在开音节中，元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。

6、闭音节：a) 辅+元+辅 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;

b)元+辅 it us

在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。

三：拼读规则：

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母开音节读音例词闭音节读音例词

name plane Jane

a [ei]

baby cake

[æ]

angle bag dad hat

map black back

bed let pen desk

e [i:] he these me Chinese [e]

yes egg

bike fly drive time

i(y) [ai]

nice kite by sky

[i]

fish big drink

sit milk swim

o [

those close go hoe

[o]

clock not box

home no shop sock

student excuse

[ju:]

duty Tuesday

[]

bus cup jump much

lunch

在重读开音

节中，元音

字母u在辅June blue ruler

音字母j l

super

r s后面时

读[u:]音

五个元音字母的字母音主要有两种，在开音节中发长音（长元音和双元音），在闭

音节中发短音（短元音）。

元音字母开音节规则，有些常用词汇例外，如have[h æv, h

v,]，give[ɡiv]，

live[liv]-v/[laiv]-ad。

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母读音例词

a [

] China another woman breakfast

[i] orange comrade village cabbage

e [i] chicken pocket begin children

[

] hundred student open moment

i(y) [i ]/ [

] holiday beautiful family baby

[ai] exercise satellite occupy

o [

] second tonight somebody

welcome

[

u] also zero photo

u [

] autumn difficult

[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]

音

operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s

后面时，读[u:]音

July influence February issue

true blue

处于词尾的en,el,em,il中的e 和i读[

]Even seven open level civil

或不发音 problem

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i即可以读作[

]音，也可以读作

[i]音。

3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母读音例词

a在[w]音后面 [o] want what watch wash quality watt

a在f n sk ph sp ss st

[ɑ:]

th前

after plant graph ask grasp glass

fast father

i在-nd –ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high

o在-st –ld前 [

u] most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前 [] come monkey love mother

4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组读音例词

ar [ɑ:] car farm dark sharpener

ar在[w]音后面 [o:] warm quarter towards

or [o:] forty morning short

or在[w]音后面

[

word worker worse

er ir ur [

:] certainly bird

Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-rCarry berry mirror

音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。[æ] [e]

[i] [o] []

sorry hurry

dollar teacher martyr

-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[

]音

comfort Saturday

注：双写辅音字母前总是出现单个元音字母，通常按闭音节发音。例如：supper hammer

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组读音例词

are [e

] care dare hare various

]

ere

[

here mere

] there where

ire

[ai

]

fire hire wire

ore [o:] more score before

ure [ju

] pure cure

重读音节中元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，元

Parent zero inspiring story

音字母和r构成-re音节的变体，按-re音节拼读规

则拼读，字母r读[r]音。

during

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 Orange very American

paragraph forest

spirit

完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读picture pleasure

音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[

]音

非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[

r]音 salary

6、普通元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ai/ay

air

读音例词

[ei]

afraid rain train wait day play may

[

]

air hair chair pair repair

small ball talk wall all

[o:]

[o:l]

always also salt almost

al 在 f m 前

[ɑ:]

half calm

au/aw /aur

[o:]

[i:]

ea [e]

autumn daughter draw dinosaur

teach easy cheap please

heavy bread sweater weather

[ei]

break great

]

hear dear near clear year

ear

[

]

bear pear wear swear

[

:] earth learn early

eer

ei/ey/eigh

[i:] jeep week green three

]

pioneer deer beer

[ei]

eight neighbour they

eir

[]/[i

their heir weird

]

eu/ew

在 j l r 后

[ju:]

[u:]

[i:]

new few newspaper

flew brew jewelry

piece field receive seize

ie/[s]音后拼写为ei

igh

oar/oor

oi/oy

[

coat Joan boat goal

[ai]

light fight might tight nightsight

[o:]

[oi]

roar board door floor

noise point boy toilet

[

control volt jolt

[u:] broom food tooth school too

book look cook foot good

house count about down flower

[u]

[au]

[

though know row throw low

ou/ow

[] young country enough

group you soup through

would should could

[u:]

oul

[u]

[o:]

our

course your four

[au

]

our hour ours

[

:] journey

ui 在j l r s后

[ju:i]

annuity continuity

[u:] juice fruit suit

注：不常用的元音字组: eo: peony [pi

ni] （people 一词中的o不发

音，e 处于绝对开音节位置。）

leopard → leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群读音例词

ai/ay ei/ey [ei] Sunday foreign monkey

-cia, -tia, -sia, cie [

] social martial Russia

ow [

u] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节

中

[ei ]音或[

]

音

neighbour serious famous biscuit

coffee

-sion –tion [

n] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后 [

n] vision decision occasion

-stion [st

n] question suggestion

-sten [sn] listen christen

-stle [sl] whistle jostle castle

-ssure [

] pressure

-sure在元音字母后 [

] pleasure measure

-ture [t

] picture culture

元音＋辅音＋e结尾的

动词中

(-ate,-ize/ise,-ute)

开音节规则读

音

Radiate eliminate modernize

organize contribute institute

[eit], [aiz],

[ju:t]

元音a＋辅音＋e出现

在名词或形容词中，a

读音

[i:]

comrade village accurate

8、元字组(元音字母和元音字组)在复合词非重读音节中的读音

注：元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少，但出现的频率高。

元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear

ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui)，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起

组成元音字组。

读音例词

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符

号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组

仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

everyday[ei] handbag[＇hændbæɡ]

blackboard[blækbo:d]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部

分已失去其单独存在时的意义，融

合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分

要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday 星期天

holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday 假日

cup茶杯+board木板[o:]＞cupboard[

] 碗

柜

main主要部分+land陆地[æ]＞

mainland[

] 大陆

9、辅字组(辅音字母和辅音字组)的读音

辅字组读音例词

b [b] bike bus bag

b在m后 [/]不发音 bomb tomb lamb climb

c [k] cake picture coat music

c在e, i, y前 [s] face decide cinema cyst

h [h] he hair

ch [t] much chick rich teacher

ch [k] school headache chemistry

ch [] machine Chicago

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock

d [d] doctor bread hand day

-dge [] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink

ds [dz] hands

f [f] five four breakfast

g [ɡ] bag gardon go

g在e, i, y前 [] orange large German

-gh [f] cough enough rough

gh- [ɡ] sorghum spaghetti ghost

gu- -gue [ɡ] guess league dialogue

guitar

gu- -gue [ɡw] language anguish penguin

h [h] hot head house hand

h [/] hour honest honor

j [] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week

kn- [n] knife know knock

l [l] life milk school tall

m [m] monkey come tomato

-mn [m] autumn column solemn

n [n] not shine ten note

-ng在词尾 [η] morning young wrong long

ng在词的中间 [ηɡ] English finger longer

hungry

n k [ηk] thank

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

ph [f] elephant photo telephone

-q/-que [k] Iraq cheque

qu- [kw] quality quite quarter

r在元音字母前 [r] red rubber ruler rare

s在音节开头或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk

s在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband

动词中读[z]

s在元音字母和不发音的e之

间

名词/形容词中读

[s]

close use lose

case close use precise

purpose

sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland

sc- [s] muscle science

sh [] she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet

t在弱读字母ia ie io前 [] patient nation

tch [t] watch catch match

th在通常情况下 [θ] thin thirty method three

th在冠词/代词/介词/连词/

副词中

[ð] the these with than

th在词尾-the -ther中 [ð

] clothe father weather

tr- [tr] tree train country truck

ts/tes [ts] students

v [v] very voice love leave

w在元音字母前 [w] week win wake sweet wait

w [/] answer two wait

wh [w] what when white why

-wh-在字母o前 [h] who whose whole

x [ks] box text exercise

x在重读元音前 [ɡz] example exist exact

wr- [r] write wrong wrist

y-在元音字母前用作辅音 [j] yes yard yellow young

z [z] puzzle zero zoo

注：在单词中读字母名称音的前半部分的辅音字母：b，p，d，t，v，z，k，j；在

单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母：m，n，

l，f，s，x。

同音词

: peace-piece

our-hour

注意：拼读单词要注意的几点：

1、浊化：

易读混淆词：

wake week weak walk work

school

⌒

⌒⌒

、连读：

not at all, half an hour

3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 )：

job

sit down good

4、同化：Would you like it? Can't you see it?

四、容易混淆的元音

1) [e] [

2) [i:] [

3) [] [

] [] bed-bad; men-man; lend-land-England

] greet-great; read-raid 袭击,搜捕 see-say

] Sam-some, bat-but, bag-bug臭虫,程序缺陷

] [] count-can't down-done 4) [au] [

5) [au] [

6) [] [

] found-fond喜爱的, 溺爱的

] [] sun/son-song bus-boss nut-not-naught

五、容易混淆的辅音

1) [v] [w] vet 兽医 wet; vest 背心west; vine 藤, 蔓wine葡萄

酒, 酒; very well

2) [s] [] sink think ; sort 种类 thought ; miss myth 神话;

mass 大量的 math

3) [z] [

4) [n] [

rang

5) [r] [

] closing clothing ; breeze 微风, breathe 呼吸 ;

] thin thing ; sin sing ; win wing 翅膀; ran

] room zoom 缩放;

6) [n] [l] night light , not lot, no low

六、重音和语调

1、重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。如：letter, sorry

b)有前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。如：a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide,

re'port, res'pect com'pare, in'form通知, dis'cuss, mis'take,

pre'pare, em'ploy雇用, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, trans'late

c)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。

'out'side, 'in'side, 'well-'known, 'un'like, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese,

're'tell, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'family, e'conomy

经济, oppor'tunity,

b)词尾有 -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个

次重音。

empo'yee,雇员,

ciga'rette香烟, Japa'nese,

K.K

2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重

B) 读英语句子时间的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定，而不是汉语那样

由句子中的汉字数目决定。

C) 实词重读，虚词轻读 (冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，助动词，情态动词

和系动词be.）

D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a)实词第二次出现： He thinks of that as a child

thinks.

b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰： I met her in the railway station.

c) 代替词： Which book do you want? The small one.

d) 感叹词中的 what 和how：What a good day it is! How beautiful she

is!

e) street 在专有名词中： Wangfujing Street.

f) this在这些短语中： this morning/afternoon/evening

E)虚词重读的特殊情况

a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时：

Do you like it? Yes, I do.

Are you a doctor? Yes, I am.

Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.

b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时：

engi'neer工程师,

They may come this evening. Can it be five already?

c) 介词在句首和句尾： In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I

talked with.

F)其实句子重音与说话人要强调的内容也有关。

The boy near me wants to make dumplings. (体会重读不同划线部份的含义）

2、语调 1) 升调：一般疑问句。↗

2) 降调：陈述句，特殊疑问句,祈使句，感叹句。↙

3) 选择疑问句以及多项并列时前面升调↑，最后一项用降调降↙。

【专题训练与高考预测】

【1】语音试题：从A.B.C.D.四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读

音相同的选项。

A. fear B. earn C. pear D. beard

A neighbor B. nationality C .relative D. valley

A. fierce B. nephew C. juice D .sure

A. organise B. bargain C .regular D .charge

y A. merchant B. courtyard C energy D serious

B. butcher C. sugar D push

7 foot B food C wool

e g n D. height

te al

10.B limited ed d ed

e t n ce

ay y

s s ques

day d rchief

ther

s sion ous

e se re

e ch try que h

te s

r ore

phy ise

ant tion ty al

ne se s

A .London

mas h C charge

ed ate ce

e C youth D country

n n B mountain n

A. fisherman B. research ear D. recorder

y A. language B. material C. operate D. labour

35 exactly A expert B. experiment C. exercise D. example

l w r rs

atics e t e e

er nce

se D promise

A government B. common C. along D monument

A. daughter B enough C. flight D. neighbour

43 ahead

l tion ce

B calm D half

ch B. newspaper Christmas Thursday

pe p

ht nly or e

ter h e

e e l

mas A. exit B heat C. whistle D. cartoon

A. thirsty B. university C. type D. dirty

54 none er e e

55 suggest A bury B. supply C guess D. pump

56 houses A. does B. heroes C. boxes D. tomatoes

57 these A chemistry C necklace te

58 gone A moment B lonely C motor D fond

59 season A reasonable B greatly C bread D weather

60 silver A. exhibit t

t A. persuade B permit C. perhaps D service

A. Swiss B. different

63 medicine ly B. pronunciation

ng D bathe

65 flow A how B. allow C. slowly

66 handsome A Wednesday D. forehead

67 course A soul B. resource y

68 any D maybe

69 suggest e C supper

70 salt B talk C calm D also

【2】写出下列划线部分的音标。

______tion_______ _______ on ______

h ____________7 fever_____ 8 explanation _____

9 examnine______ise ____11energy __________ 13 fuel_____

14 precious _____ 15 diet _____16 author_____17 protein _____

18 application _____ _____20 charge ___21function ____ 22 prove_____

23 digest ____ 24 doubt _____ 25 stir _____26 view ___27 theme _____

28 conclusion ______29 holy _____30 inspire ____31 conflict _____

32 threaten ________33 opinion _____34 regret _____35 honor_____

36 extreme_______37 ancestor ______38 pianist _____39 purpose ______

40 surround ______41faith _____42 surface _____43 commercial______

sing _______45 salute ______46 secretary _______

47 protection ______ 48 technique______ 49 method ______50 remove ___

51 chalk __52 accent _____53 typical_____54 appreciate _____55

fortunately____

56 rude ______57 avoid _____58 vary _____59 occur _____60 educate _____

61 injury _____62 achievement _____ 63include _____64 shoulder ____

65 nation ____66 series_____ iew ___ 68 scene _____69 loyal _____

70 ruin____ 71 introduction ___72 scare ____73 majority____ 74 southern_____

75 material ______ 76 south ____77 means___ 78 stare ___79 measure ____

80 suggestion ____81 motto ______82 tongue _____83 movie _____

84 natural _____85 tour _____86 nature _____87 unexpected ____88 naughty ____

89 variety___ 90 normal ____91 whisper ____92 official ____93 wolf ____

94 officer_____95 wonder ____96 perform ____97 portrait ___98 president ___

99 access ____100 ability____101 affair ______102 approach ____

103 architecture _____104 astronomer ____105 atmosphere___

106 bath __107 blanket ___108 blood ___109 board ___110 bury ___111 cheer

____

112 conquer ____113 convenient ____114 county____115 cure ___116 drown ____

117 experiment____ation___ 119exactly___ 120 forecast ____121

foot ___

122 form ___123 furniture __124 ignore ____125 immediately _____126 inform

____

127 loose _____128 pollute _____129 purchase ____130 reform ____

131 reliable _____132 research ____133 retire ____134 route ___135

scientific____ 136 social ____137 source ____138 sweat ____139 theory

_____140 threat ___

141 truthfully ____142 urban ____143 violence _____144 within ____

145 wound _____146 absolutely ____147 accept ___148 advance ___

149 ancient ____150 award _____151 athlete ____152 wool ___153 breast ____

154 breath ____155 brief ____156 character____ 157 complete___ 158 course

___

159 cruelty__ 160 deserted __161 desire _____

162 dial____ 163 disaster___ 164 effect___ 165 emergency ___166 emotion ___

167 expression ____ 168 facial_____ 169 fault ____170 fond ____171 further

____

172 handsome ____173 host____ 174 honest ____175 Christmas _____

176 realize____177 employ ___ 178 regular ___179 prefer _____

180 suddenly ___ 181smooth ___ 182 murmur ____183 torn ____

184 general ____ 185 purple _____186 area____

____188 certain ____ 189 garage ____190 service ______

___

192. captain____193 nervous___ 194 thought ____ 195 unfair ___ 196 engaged

___

197 period ____198 cyclist ___199 production ___ 200 phrase ____