2024年10月3日发(作者：狄正清)
Note3-全新版3unit2
Unit One--Note3 1. Useful Expressions
过得去
寻觅心灵的满足
一种自力更生的生活大地回暖的气息
艰苦的生活
日常的家务
正如老话说的那样温馨快乐每一分钟过冬
带着某人的祝福总的来说
担任全职工作
贷款按揭
至于…
涉入到......
除…以外
外出吃饭
降低生活标准
弥补收入差额
听歌剧、看芭蕾演出
耐得住寂寞
手头紧
自给自足
抵制诱惑
怆然离去
自豪感
一旦形势好转
赚钱
earn money once economic conditions improve leave with a
feeling of sorrow a sense of pride self-sufficiency a tolerance for
solitude be on a tight budget resist the temptation to do sth.
attend the opera and ballet find contentment
love/enjoy every minute of sth. mortgage payments apart
from ...
dine out When it comes to ... a tough life
make up the difference in income lower the standard of living
/ living standard
be employed full time with sb.’s blessings on balance
get through the winter the smell of the earth warming
as the old saying goes usual household routine a self-reliant
sort of life 2. Conversion
汉语和英语属于两种不同的语系，在词汇、语法和表达方式上存
在着很大差异。如果在翻译过程中过于拘泥于原文的词性，完全按照
原文词性来进行翻译，往往会造成译文生硬别扭，不够通顺。例如
“Mastery of a language is not easy.”
这句话如果直接译为“一门语言的掌握是不容易的”，汉语就会
显得非常别扭。但如果把“mastery”由名词转译为动词，翻译为
“学好一门语言是不容易的”，就自然得多。
因此考虑到英汉两种语言的差异，为了使译文更加符合译入语的
习惯，流畅自然，有时需要进行词性转换。在英译汉过程中常用的词
性转换通常有以下几种情况：
（一）名词转译成动词
英语中有大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词以及其它
名词往入可转译成汉语动词。
1．由动词派生的名词转译成动词。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the
universe. 火箭已经______________宇宙。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 在中国，人
们非常________________。
2．含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better
translation.仔细_____原文，你会_______得更好。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special
longing.
_______我们的喷气式飞机，__________隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
3．英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想
家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。
在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。
He is a good singer. 他唱歌唱得好。
Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of
raw materials.
那些小工厂还在极大的_________________________原材料。
Practice: (1) An acquaintance with world history is helpful to
the study of current affairs.
_____________世界史对研究时事是有帮助的。
（2）The discovery of a new dish does more for the
happiness of mankind than the discovery of a new star.
________一样新菜要比__________一颗新星对人类幸福贡献更大。
（3）The beauty of the scenery baffles(阻挠) description.景色
之美，______________________。
（4）Before I was a genius, I was a drudge(苦工) . 在我_____天
才之前，我曾_________苦工。
（二）形容词转译成动词
英语中的形容词，常常与系动词搭配构成“系表结构”。“系表
结构”作谓语，从而使这些形容词具有了动作意味，翻译的时候需要
转换为动词。这些形容词常常是表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的
形容词，常见的有：与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious,
certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等；
与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry,
happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful,
concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等；
与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen,
enthusiastic,等。
I am anxious about his health. 我________他的身体健康。
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
医生们说他们不敢____能否救得了他的命。
Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学
家们都________，所有的物质都是不灭的。
Eg: 1. We are not content with our present achievements. 2.
Hussein was a puzzled man.
（三）副词转译成动词
英语中，副词常常用来修饰动词作状语，这使得副词具有动作意
味。副词也可转换为汉语动词来翻译。
She opened the window to let fresh air in. 她把窗子打开，让
新鲜空气________。
After careful investigation they found the design behind. 经
过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计_____了。
Sorry I wasn’t in when you rang me up. 很抱歉，你打电话来
时，我________。
二、转译成名词
（一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，
在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1．名词派生的动词
This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 这种举
止是罪犯的心理特征。
To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他
就是绝对权威的__________。
A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American,
got into the car.
一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他_____________________都像个美国人。
On that day they were e scorted to the Great Wall of China.
他们那天__________去参观中国的长城。
2．名词转用的动词
Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时
代是深刻政治变革的__________。
Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the
earth’s atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其________，是在完成使命后，在大气
层中焚毁。
（二）形容词转译成名词
1．英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成
名词。
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽
了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
Both compounds are acids(酸), the former is strong and the
l atter is weak.
2．有时候根据情况，可以灵活处理，把有些形容词转换成名词来
翻译。
He was eloquent and elegant—but soft.他有口才、有风度，
但性格软弱。
His whole family were religious. 他全家都是虔诚的__________。
They showed a sympathetic understanding of our problem.
他们对我们的问题表示________________。
三、转译成形容词
（一）形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。
This issue is of vital importance.这个问题至关_________。
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling
at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
He is a man of cool courage. 他是_________________人。
（二）有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往要以转译成形容词。
Our performance was a success.我们的演出很________。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立
思考对学习是绝对__________。
四、其它词类转译
（一）形容词与副词的互相转译
1．由于英语中的名词在翻译时可以转换成汉语动词，所以修饰该
名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。
We must make full use of exiting technical equipment. 我们
必须充分利用现有的技术设备。
This is sheer nonsense. 这完全是胡说.
At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and
darted(猛冲) toward the door.
最后，他___________主人轻声道别，_______________走向门口。
（二）名词与副词的互相转译
1．名词转译成副词
When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his
instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就______________要用他的魅力
和风趣将这人争取过来。
The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of
coming to visit the city poor.
新市长_____________前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。
We found difficulty in solving the housing problem. 我们感到
住房问题______________。
2．副词转译成名词
It is officially announced that China has successfully launched
her fist manned spaceship.
__________宣布，中国已经成功的实现了载人航天。
He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他________虽弱，但
_________健康。
The emission of visible light in silicon is quite exciting
scientifically, and could prove to be very important
technologically for optical-electronics applications.
硅材料发射可见光的发现不仅有激动人心的______意义，还可以证
明其在电子学应用中具备非常重要的_______价值。
Exercises:
I. 将下列句子译成汉语，注意划线词语的翻译。
1. The government calls for the e stablishment of more
technical schools.
2. Appreciation of these modern pictures depends on your
capability of imagination.
3. For a girl aged 12, such temptation is irresistible（抵制）.
4. There are mountain ranges here with extensive forests and
rich mineral resources.
has been a ruler of that district for 20 years.
6. Yesterday when I visited him at 10 o'clock, he was already
between the sheets.
7. The ten-year-old girl behaves as an adult.
8. Hopefully, the research project can be completed on time.
9. The technician found the CPU of the computer doesn’t
work.
10. Movies about Mickey Mouse have been popular with
audience everywhere.
2024年10月3日发(作者：狄正清)
Note3-全新版3unit2
Unit One--Note3 1. Useful Expressions
过得去
寻觅心灵的满足
一种自力更生的生活大地回暖的气息
艰苦的生活
日常的家务
正如老话说的那样温馨快乐每一分钟过冬
带着某人的祝福总的来说
担任全职工作
贷款按揭
至于…
涉入到......
除…以外
外出吃饭
降低生活标准
弥补收入差额
听歌剧、看芭蕾演出
耐得住寂寞
手头紧
自给自足
抵制诱惑
怆然离去
自豪感
一旦形势好转
赚钱
earn money once economic conditions improve leave with a
feeling of sorrow a sense of pride self-sufficiency a tolerance for
solitude be on a tight budget resist the temptation to do sth.
attend the opera and ballet find contentment
love/enjoy every minute of sth. mortgage payments apart
from ...
dine out When it comes to ... a tough life
make up the difference in income lower the standard of living
/ living standard
be employed full time with sb.’s blessings on balance
get through the winter the smell of the earth warming
as the old saying goes usual household routine a self-reliant
sort of life 2. Conversion
汉语和英语属于两种不同的语系，在词汇、语法和表达方式上存
在着很大差异。如果在翻译过程中过于拘泥于原文的词性，完全按照
原文词性来进行翻译，往往会造成译文生硬别扭，不够通顺。例如
“Mastery of a language is not easy.”
这句话如果直接译为“一门语言的掌握是不容易的”，汉语就会
显得非常别扭。但如果把“mastery”由名词转译为动词，翻译为
“学好一门语言是不容易的”，就自然得多。
因此考虑到英汉两种语言的差异，为了使译文更加符合译入语的
习惯，流畅自然，有时需要进行词性转换。在英译汉过程中常用的词
性转换通常有以下几种情况：
（一）名词转译成动词
英语中有大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词以及其它
名词往入可转译成汉语动词。
1．由动词派生的名词转译成动词。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the
universe. 火箭已经______________宇宙。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. 在中国，人
们非常________________。
2．含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better
translation.仔细_____原文，你会_______得更好。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special
longing.
_______我们的喷气式飞机，__________隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
3．英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker思想
家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。
在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。
He is a good singer. 他唱歌唱得好。
Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of
raw materials.
那些小工厂还在极大的_________________________原材料。
Practice: (1) An acquaintance with world history is helpful to
the study of current affairs.
_____________世界史对研究时事是有帮助的。
（2）The discovery of a new dish does more for the
happiness of mankind than the discovery of a new star.
________一样新菜要比__________一颗新星对人类幸福贡献更大。
（3）The beauty of the scenery baffles(阻挠) description.景色
之美，______________________。
（4）Before I was a genius, I was a drudge(苦工) . 在我_____天
才之前，我曾_________苦工。
（二）形容词转译成动词
英语中的形容词，常常与系动词搭配构成“系表结构”。“系表
结构”作谓语，从而使这些形容词具有了动作意味，翻译的时候需要
转换为动词。这些形容词常常是表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的
形容词，常见的有：与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious,
certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等；
与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry,
happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful,
concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等；
与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen,
enthusiastic,等。
I am anxious about his health. 我________他的身体健康。
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
医生们说他们不敢____能否救得了他的命。
Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学
家们都________，所有的物质都是不灭的。
Eg: 1. We are not content with our present achievements. 2.
Hussein was a puzzled man.
（三）副词转译成动词
英语中，副词常常用来修饰动词作状语，这使得副词具有动作意
味。副词也可转换为汉语动词来翻译。
She opened the window to let fresh air in. 她把窗子打开，让
新鲜空气________。
After careful investigation they found the design behind. 经
过仔细研究之后，他们发现这个设计_____了。
Sorry I wasn’t in when you rang me up. 很抱歉，你打电话来
时，我________。
二、转译成名词
（一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，
在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1．名词派生的动词
This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 这种举
止是罪犯的心理特征。
To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他
就是绝对权威的__________。
A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American,
got into the car.
一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他_____________________都像个美国人。
On that day they were e scorted to the Great Wall of China.
他们那天__________去参观中国的长城。
2．名词转用的动词
Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时
代是深刻政治变革的__________。
Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the
earth’s atmosphere after completing their missions.
美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其________，是在完成使命后，在大气
层中焚毁。
（二）形容词转译成名词
1．英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成
名词。
They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽
了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
Both compounds are acids(酸), the former is strong and the
l atter is weak.
2．有时候根据情况，可以灵活处理，把有些形容词转换成名词来
翻译。
He was eloquent and elegant—but soft.他有口才、有风度，
但性格软弱。
His whole family were religious. 他全家都是虔诚的__________。
They showed a sympathetic understanding of our problem.
他们对我们的问题表示________________。
三、转译成形容词
（一）形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词。
This issue is of vital importance.这个问题至关_________。
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling
at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
He is a man of cool courage. 他是_________________人。
（二）有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往要以转译成形容词。
Our performance was a success.我们的演出很________。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立
思考对学习是绝对__________。
四、其它词类转译
（一）形容词与副词的互相转译
1．由于英语中的名词在翻译时可以转换成汉语动词，所以修饰该
名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。
We must make full use of exiting technical equipment. 我们
必须充分利用现有的技术设备。
This is sheer nonsense. 这完全是胡说.
At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and
darted(猛冲) toward the door.
最后，他___________主人轻声道别，_______________走向门口。
（二）名词与副词的互相转译
1．名词转译成副词
When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his
instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就______________要用他的魅力
和风趣将这人争取过来。
The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of
coming to visit the city poor.
新市长_____________前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。
We found difficulty in solving the housing problem. 我们感到
住房问题______________。
2．副词转译成名词
It is officially announced that China has successfully launched
her fist manned spaceship.
__________宣布，中国已经成功的实现了载人航天。
He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他________虽弱，但
_________健康。
The emission of visible light in silicon is quite exciting
scientifically, and could prove to be very important
technologically for optical-electronics applications.
硅材料发射可见光的发现不仅有激动人心的______意义，还可以证
明其在电子学应用中具备非常重要的_______价值。
Exercises:
I. 将下列句子译成汉语，注意划线词语的翻译。
1. The government calls for the e stablishment of more
technical schools.
2. Appreciation of these modern pictures depends on your
capability of imagination.
3. For a girl aged 12, such temptation is irresistible（抵制）.
4. There are mountain ranges here with extensive forests and
rich mineral resources.
has been a ruler of that district for 20 years.
6. Yesterday when I visited him at 10 o'clock, he was already
between the sheets.
7. The ten-year-old girl behaves as an adult.
8. Hopefully, the research project can be completed on time.
9. The technician found the CPU of the computer doesn’t
work.
10. Movies about Mickey Mouse have been popular with
audience everywhere.