2024年2月17日发(作者：营英纵)
宾语从句
宾语从句用法速记口诀：宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句用that;一般疑问句是否（if, whether）替；特殊疑问句更好办，引导词还用疑问词。
二是词态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去词，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
（一） 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
结构：
主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序） 【注意：1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓 由if、whether引导宾语从句 3~时态：A.主句---现在时 从句---任一时态】
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句
词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …
句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…
前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如：
—Who did you interview?
—I interviewed Bill.
—What did you ask him?
—I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules.
—…
（二）宾语从句的语序
1
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即 “主语在前，谓语在后”。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
主句时态 从 句 时 态
连 接 前 连 接 后
时态保持不变
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
一般过去时/
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
一般现在时
一般过去时
客观真理和客观事实用一般现在时
解析：1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态。
2、主句为过去时，从句的时态为过去任何一种时态
3、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，只用一般现在时。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
（三）宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如： I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
（四）含宾语从句的反意问句
带有宾语从句的复合句，在构成反意问句时，其简短问句的主语和动词一般和主句保持一致。但当主句的谓语动词是 guess, think, suppose, believe, image等时，并且主句的主语人称是第一人称，即I或we时，其简短问句的主语要和从句中的主语保持一致，同时应注意否定的转移。
He said he didn’t pass the exam,_______?
We don’t think our teachers will go abroad,_______?
2
（五）If ,when 引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别
If 和when 引导宾语从句时，应紧跟在主句动词的后面，他们的意思分别是“是否”和“什么时候”。由他们引导的时态和主句的时态相呼应。If 和when 引导状语从句时，他们的意思分别是“如果，假如”和“当……..的时候”。由它们引导的状语从句即可以放在主句的前面也可以放在主句的后面。如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表将来。
（ ） 1.I want to know if there ______a sports meeting next month. If they_____ it, I must
get ready for it.
A. is; will hold B. will be; hold C. will be; will hold D. will have; hold
（ ） doesn’t tell me when he _______. I’ll telephone you when he _____.
A . will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; will come D. comes; comes
（六）宾语从句的简化
含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以转化为简单句，大多转化都是将宾语从句转化为不定式结构。
1、 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
2、We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
3、Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
4、I hope that I can make friends with you.=I hope_____ ____ ___with you.
5、He didn’t know where he could find his gold ring.
= He didn’t know ____ _____ _____his gold ring.
注意：不省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；
当宾语从句较长时；
当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；
在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
当that在从句中充当主语时
一、典型例题
1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?
A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it
C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it
2.—Excuse me .Could you tell me_____ I can get to the Space Museum?
3
--Of course. You can take bus No.1.
A. where B. how C. if D. why
3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?
--Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.
A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for
4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his that’s ____ he succeeds .
A. what B. when C. why D. where
5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It’s about ______.
A. how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）
B. what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror
C. how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
D. what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
6. —Do you know ________the girl in red is?
—I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
7.—What did your parents think about your decision?
--They always let me do _______I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what
8. I want to know ________.
A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at
9. --Would you please tell me __________?
--At 10:00 this evening.
A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave
10.—Could you tell me________?
--Fill in this form and I will give you a card.
A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet Cathy C. when I can meet Cathy
11. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?
-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A. who B. what C. where D. how
12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?
-Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine
13. No one can be sure_________ in a million years.
A. what man looks like B. what will man look like
C. what man looked like D. what man will look like
14. Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.
A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone
15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.
A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost
16. -When do you think _________?
-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.
A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come D. he came
17. Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises
18. --Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office.
-Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet.
A. though B. whether C. unless D. while
19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
4
-Sorry. I don’t know ________.
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
重点语法知识：间接引语
引用，是一种修辞方法。引用可以一字不改地将别人的话加以引用或复数出来，这叫做直接引语（direct
speech）；或用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲直接引语须放在引号内；间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。如：
He said, "I am a doctor".他说：“我是医生。”（引号内的内容是直接引语）He said that he was a doctor.他说他是医生。（句中的宾语从句是间接引语）
直接引语变间接引语的一般规则
1.时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，时态变化规则如下表：
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
进去完成时
一般将来时
情态动词
如：
①The girl said, "I'm sorry for being late for class." →The girl said that she was sorry for
being late for class.那姑娘说对不起她上课迟到了。
②My mother said to me, "Your classmate is waiting for you in the sitting room." →My mother
told me that my classmate was waiting for me in the sitting room.我母亲告诉我，我的同学正在客厅等我。
③She said, "I have seen the film Titanic." →She said that she had seen the film Titanic.她说她看过了电影《泰坦尼克号》。
5
直接引语
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
进去完成时
一般将来时
can/may
间接引语
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去将来时
could/might
④Li Hua said to me," Your parents have been looking for you." →Li Hua told me that my parents
had been looking for me.李华告诉我，我的父母正在找我。
⑤He said, "I made some spelling mistakes yesterday." →He said that he had made some spelling
mistakes the day before. 他说他前一天出了一些拼写错误。
⑥The student said," I had learnt about 5,000 English words by the end of last year." →The
student said that he had learnt about 5,000 English words by the end of the year before.那个学生说到去年年底他已经学了5，000个单词。
⑦He asked me, "What were you doing at that time?" →He asked me what I was doing at that
time.他问我那时我在干什么？
⑧She said, "I will go there this afternoon." →She said (that) she would go there that
afternoon,她说她那天下午将去那里。
2.人称变化
人称变化要根据说话者、听者或第三者的相互关系，作出相应和变化。
顺口溜：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
如：①He said to me. "I have left my book in your room." →He told me that he had left his
book in my room.他告诉我他把书落在我的房间了。
②The teacher said, "I’m glad to be with you. →The teacher said that he was glad to be with
us.老师说他很高兴和我们在一起。
3.其它变化
其它变化包括指示代词、时间和地点的词以及表示方向的动词变化。详见下表：
指示代词
表 示 时 间
直 接 引 语
this
these
now
today, tonight
tomorrow
this )
yesterday
last )
the day before yesterday
the day after tomorrow
间 接 引 语
that
those
then
that day, that night
the next(following) day
that )
the day before
the )before
two days before
in two days＇time
6
three days ago
next )
three days before
the
next(following))
方向动词
表示地点
如：
①He said, "I will come here again tonight." →He said that he would go there again that night.他说他今天晚上再去那儿。
②She said, "I arrived yesterday morning." →She said that she (had) arrived the morning before.他说他昨天早晨到达的。
4.各种句式的直接引语变间接引语。
a.直接引语为陈述句。
直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that引导的宾语从句。如：
Tom said, "I've reviewed my lessons." →Tom said that he had reviewed his lessons. 汤姆说他已经复习了他的功课。
主句中的"say to sb."常须改为"tell sb."如：
She said to me, "I'm studying Japanese these days." →She told me(that) she was studying
Japanese those days. 好告诉我好这几天正在学日语。
b.直接引语为一般疑问句
直接引语是一般问句时，间接引语用whether或if 引导的宾语从句。如：
Mr. Green asked," Are you preparing for it?" →Mr. Green asked whether (if) we were preparing
for it. 格林先生问我们是否正在准备。
如果问句是表示建议，可用动词suggest或advise加宾语从句或适当结构来完成。如：
"Shall we meet at the theatre?" he said →He suggested that we should meet at the theatre.(=He
suggested our meeting at the theatre.他建议我们在电影院见面。
c.直接引语为特殊问句
直接引语是特殊问句时，间接引语为原连接代词(副词)引导的宾语从句。如：
①He asked, "what size dress do you wear?" →He asked what size dress I (you) wore .他问我穿什么型号的。
②He asked, "which one do you like best?" →He asked which one you(I)liked best.他问我最喜 7
bring
come
here
take
go
there
欢哪一个。
d.直接引语为选择问句
直接引语是选择问句时，间接引语为""引导的宾语从句。如：
He asked me, "Will you go abroad or stay in Beijing?" →He asked me whether I would go abroad
or stay in Beijing.他问我是出国呢还是呆在北京。
e.直接引语为反意问句
直接引语是反意问句时，间接引语为whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
He asked, "You have succeeded, haven't you?" →He asked us if we had succeeded. 他问我们是否已成功。
f.直接引语为感叹句
直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导的宾语从句，也可以用that引导的宾语从句，有时还可用其它适当的动词来转述。如：
①"How fast he runs!" he said, →He said how fast he ran.(=He said that he ran very fast.)
他说他跑得多么快。
②She said, "Happy New Year! "→She wished me a happy New Year.她祝愿我新年愉快。
直接引语变间接引语练习题
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
8
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.
15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.
He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.
参考答案
宾语从句：
典型例题1—5 CBACC 6-10 DDABA 11-15 BADBC 16-20 ADBD
习题练习
一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C
二. 1how bought (whether) much is writing
间接引语：
1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his
3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes
5. told, had, before 6. had, there
7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before
9. told, could 10. how, she, had
11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived
13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if [whether], that
9
10
2024年2月17日发(作者：营英纵)
宾语从句
宾语从句用法速记口诀：宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句用that;一般疑问句是否（if, whether）替；特殊疑问句更好办，引导词还用疑问词。
二是词态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去词，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
（一） 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
结构：
主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序） 【注意：1~引导词.that 2~语序v.+主+谓 由if、whether引导宾语从句 3~时态：A.主句---现在时 从句---任一时态】
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句
词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …
句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…
前后桌同学之间开展采访活动，然后同桌交流采访结果。如：
—Who did you interview?
—I interviewed Bill.
—What did you ask him?
—I asked him if he always obeyed the school rules.
—…
（二）宾语从句的语序
1
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。即 “主语在前，谓语在后”。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
主句时态 从 句 时 态
连 接 前 连 接 后
时态保持不变
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
一般过去时/
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
一般现在时
一般过去时
客观真理和客观事实用一般现在时
解析：1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态。
2、主句为过去时，从句的时态为过去任何一种时态
3、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，只用一般现在时。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
（三）宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如： I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
（四）含宾语从句的反意问句
带有宾语从句的复合句，在构成反意问句时，其简短问句的主语和动词一般和主句保持一致。但当主句的谓语动词是 guess, think, suppose, believe, image等时，并且主句的主语人称是第一人称，即I或we时，其简短问句的主语要和从句中的主语保持一致，同时应注意否定的转移。
He said he didn’t pass the exam,_______?
We don’t think our teachers will go abroad,_______?
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（五）If ,when 引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别
If 和when 引导宾语从句时，应紧跟在主句动词的后面，他们的意思分别是“是否”和“什么时候”。由他们引导的时态和主句的时态相呼应。If 和when 引导状语从句时，他们的意思分别是“如果，假如”和“当……..的时候”。由它们引导的状语从句即可以放在主句的前面也可以放在主句的后面。如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表将来。
（ ） 1.I want to know if there ______a sports meeting next month. If they_____ it, I must
get ready for it.
A. is; will hold B. will be; hold C. will be; will hold D. will have; hold
（ ） doesn’t tell me when he _______. I’ll telephone you when he _____.
A . will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; will come D. comes; comes
（六）宾语从句的简化
含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以转化为简单句，大多转化都是将宾语从句转化为不定式结构。
1、 Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
2、We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
3、Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
4、I hope that I can make friends with you.=I hope_____ ____ ___with you.
5、He didn’t know where he could find his gold ring.
= He didn’t know ____ _____ _____his gold ring.
注意：不省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；
当宾语从句较长时；
当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；
在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
当that在从句中充当主语时
一、典型例题
1. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?
A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it
C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it
2.—Excuse me .Could you tell me_____ I can get to the Space Museum?
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--Of course. You can take bus No.1.
A. where B. how C. if D. why
3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?
--Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.
A. how much she paid for B. how much will she pay for C. how much did she pay for
4. Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his that’s ____ he succeeds .
A. what B. when C. why D. where
5. Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie. It’s about ______.
A. how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）
B. what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror
C. how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
D. what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror
6. —Do you know ________the girl in red is?
—I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
7.—What did your parents think about your decision?
--They always let me do _______I think I should.
A. when B. that C. how D. what
8. I want to know ________.
A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at
9. --Would you please tell me __________?
--At 10:00 this evening.
A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave
10.—Could you tell me________?
--Fill in this form and I will give you a card.
A. how I can meet Cathy B. where I can meet Cathy C. when I can meet Cathy
11. –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?
-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A. who B. what C. where D. how
12. -Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?
-Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine
13. No one can be sure_________ in a million years.
A. what man looks like B. what will man look like
C. what man looked like D. what man will look like
14. Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.
A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone
15. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.
A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost
16. -When do you think _________?
-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.
A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come D. he came
17. Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises
18. --Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office.
-Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet.
A. though B. whether C. unless D. while
19. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
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-Sorry. I don’t know ________.
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
重点语法知识：间接引语
引用，是一种修辞方法。引用可以一字不改地将别人的话加以引用或复数出来，这叫做直接引语（direct
speech）；或用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲直接引语须放在引号内；间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。如：
He said, "I am a doctor".他说：“我是医生。”（引号内的内容是直接引语）He said that he was a doctor.他说他是医生。（句中的宾语从句是间接引语）
直接引语变间接引语的一般规则
1.时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，时态变化规则如下表：
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
进去完成时
一般将来时
情态动词
如：
①The girl said, "I'm sorry for being late for class." →The girl said that she was sorry for
being late for class.那姑娘说对不起她上课迟到了。
②My mother said to me, "Your classmate is waiting for you in the sitting room." →My mother
told me that my classmate was waiting for me in the sitting room.我母亲告诉我，我的同学正在客厅等我。
③She said, "I have seen the film Titanic." →She said that she had seen the film Titanic.她说她看过了电影《泰坦尼克号》。
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直接引语
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
进去完成时
一般将来时
can/may
间接引语
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去将来时
could/might
④Li Hua said to me," Your parents have been looking for you." →Li Hua told me that my parents
had been looking for me.李华告诉我，我的父母正在找我。
⑤He said, "I made some spelling mistakes yesterday." →He said that he had made some spelling
mistakes the day before. 他说他前一天出了一些拼写错误。
⑥The student said," I had learnt about 5,000 English words by the end of last year." →The
student said that he had learnt about 5,000 English words by the end of the year before.那个学生说到去年年底他已经学了5，000个单词。
⑦He asked me, "What were you doing at that time?" →He asked me what I was doing at that
time.他问我那时我在干什么？
⑧She said, "I will go there this afternoon." →She said (that) she would go there that
afternoon,她说她那天下午将去那里。
2.人称变化
人称变化要根据说话者、听者或第三者的相互关系，作出相应和变化。
顺口溜：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
如：①He said to me. "I have left my book in your room." →He told me that he had left his
book in my room.他告诉我他把书落在我的房间了。
②The teacher said, "I’m glad to be with you. →The teacher said that he was glad to be with
us.老师说他很高兴和我们在一起。
3.其它变化
其它变化包括指示代词、时间和地点的词以及表示方向的动词变化。详见下表：
指示代词
表 示 时 间
直 接 引 语
this
these
now
today, tonight
tomorrow
this )
yesterday
last )
the day before yesterday
the day after tomorrow
间 接 引 语
that
those
then
that day, that night
the next(following) day
that )
the day before
the )before
two days before
in two days＇time
6
three days ago
next )
three days before
the
next(following))
方向动词
表示地点
如：
①He said, "I will come here again tonight." →He said that he would go there again that night.他说他今天晚上再去那儿。
②She said, "I arrived yesterday morning." →She said that she (had) arrived the morning before.他说他昨天早晨到达的。
4.各种句式的直接引语变间接引语。
a.直接引语为陈述句。
直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语用that引导的宾语从句。如：
Tom said, "I've reviewed my lessons." →Tom said that he had reviewed his lessons. 汤姆说他已经复习了他的功课。
主句中的"say to sb."常须改为"tell sb."如：
She said to me, "I'm studying Japanese these days." →She told me(that) she was studying
Japanese those days. 好告诉我好这几天正在学日语。
b.直接引语为一般疑问句
直接引语是一般问句时，间接引语用whether或if 引导的宾语从句。如：
Mr. Green asked," Are you preparing for it?" →Mr. Green asked whether (if) we were preparing
for it. 格林先生问我们是否正在准备。
如果问句是表示建议，可用动词suggest或advise加宾语从句或适当结构来完成。如：
"Shall we meet at the theatre?" he said →He suggested that we should meet at the theatre.(=He
suggested our meeting at the theatre.他建议我们在电影院见面。
c.直接引语为特殊问句
直接引语是特殊问句时，间接引语为原连接代词(副词)引导的宾语从句。如：
①He asked, "what size dress do you wear?" →He asked what size dress I (you) wore .他问我穿什么型号的。
②He asked, "which one do you like best?" →He asked which one you(I)liked best.他问我最喜 7
bring
come
here
take
go
there
欢哪一个。
d.直接引语为选择问句
直接引语是选择问句时，间接引语为""引导的宾语从句。如：
He asked me, "Will you go abroad or stay in Beijing?" →He asked me whether I would go abroad
or stay in Beijing.他问我是出国呢还是呆在北京。
e.直接引语为反意问句
直接引语是反意问句时，间接引语为whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：
He asked, "You have succeeded, haven't you?" →He asked us if we had succeeded. 他问我们是否已成功。
f.直接引语为感叹句
直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导的宾语从句，也可以用that引导的宾语从句，有时还可用其它适当的动词来转述。如：
①"How fast he runs!" he said, →He said how fast he ran.(=He said that he ran very fast.)
他说他跑得多么快。
②She said, "Happy New Year! "→She wished me a happy New Year.她祝愿我新年愉快。
直接引语变间接引语练习题
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
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He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.
15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.
He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.
参考答案
宾语从句：
典型例题1—5 CBACC 6-10 DDABA 11-15 BADBC 16-20 ADBD
习题练习
一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C
二. 1how bought (whether) much is writing
间接引语：
1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his
3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes
5. told, had, before 6. had, there
7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before
9. told, could 10. how, she, had
11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived
13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if [whether], that
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10