2024年3月25日发(作者：麴亦竹)

1

第七章 定语从句

相关概念

主句、从句、关系词

例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the

English Speech Competition.

主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后

的部分，是句子的主句。 (例句中，This is the boy.

是主句。)

定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或

代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定

语。） (例句中，who won the first prize in the

English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the

boy。)

先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总

是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中，the boy

是先行词。)

关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系

代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)

关系词的三个作用

作定语从句的一个句子成分。

起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 错误!未定义书

签。错误!未找到引用源。）。

代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的

主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面

的先行词the boy。）

关系代词

指人时可以用who, 也可用that。

Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?

The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s

uncle.

指物时可以用which, 也可用that。

I like visiting places which/that are not far away.

How do you like the film which/that was shown last

Sunday.

whose可以指人也可以指物。

He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in

his life time.

The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.

关系代词作宾语时可以省略。

I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.

Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked

about just now?

注：（）表示关系代词省略

关系副词

关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，

where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：

We will put off the picnic until next week when the

weather may be better.

He has reached the point where a change is needed.

That is no reason why you should leave.

This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)

基础过关

1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。

The man

______

/

______

was here yesterday is a painter.

The man

______

/

______

/

______

/

______

I saw is called

Smith.

A child

______

parents are dead is called an orphan.

I’d like a room

______

window looks out over the sea.

A letter

______

/

______

is written in pencil is hard to read.

The letter

______

/

______

/

______

I received from him

yesterday is very important.

That is the boy

______

/

______

/

______

/

______

you are

looking for.

Do you know the reason

______

he was late for the

meeting？

This is the school

______

I used to study.

I still remember the day

______

we met for the first time.

2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和

关系词。

主句：______ 定语从句:（ ）

先行词：先行词 关系词：

例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).

The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.

Have you bought the book which we talked about？

I still remember the day which we spent together last

week.

He still lives in the house whose windows face south.

The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most

fluently in our class.

The girl who you met was John’s sister.

There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.

They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still

dark.

The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.

Is this the hospital where you were born?

关系词的选择

选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什

．．．．

么成分

含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句

和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。

还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原(答

疑qq 329950885)为完整的一句话。（可以添词）

替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，

作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间

状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同

选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，

初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候

而不是看先行词是什么词性。

用which/that即可）

He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.

He worked in the factory where his father had worked.

I like the school which is near to my home.

I like the school where my sister studies.

在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用

which也有用where的；

在句3和句4中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词

有用which也有用where的。

因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并

不是先行词。

在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，

因此用的都是关系代词which；

在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，

因此都是用关系副词where。

我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

语从句中作什么成分。

．．．．．．．．．

选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”

找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。（参看本

章第1讲）

例如：

This is the school ______ I once studied.

This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.

I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches

English.

找：（略）

还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原

成完整的一句话后分别为：

I once studied at the school.

The school is the most famous in the city.

My father teaches English at the school.

粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的

部分。

替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用

where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要

换为which/that。

因此，答案为：；2. that/which；3. where

关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首

【2009江西】The house I grew up ______ has been

taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介

词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可

以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因

此选B。

利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词

Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for

his carelessness in his work?

A. that B. what C. how D. why

Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work?

A. that B. what C. how D. why

The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill.

A. why; that B. that; why

C. for that; that D. for which; what

He lives in a village ______ is not far from the city.

A. which B. where C. what D. whose

He lives in the village ______ he was born.

A. which B. where

C. what D. whose

In an hour, we travel to places ______ could have taken

our ancestors days to reach.

A. where B. when

C. which D. what

In an hour, we travel to places ______ we can relax and

get refreshed.

A. where B. when

C. which D. what

The place ______ interested me most was the Children’s

Palace.

A. which B. where

C. what D. in which

The place ______ he had a good time last Sunday was the

Children’s Palace.

A. which B. where

C. what D. in where

I’ll never forget the days

______

we studied together.

A. that B. / C. when D. A and B

I’ll never forget the days

______

we spent together.

A. that B. / C. when D. A and B

3

If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in

ways

______

do not do harm to other living things.

A. in which B. / C. how D. that

Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced?

A. when B. the one where

C. that D. in which

Is this factory ______ color TV sets are produced?

A. which B. the one where

C. that D. in which

This is the factory ______ produces color TV sets.

A. where B. the one where

C. that D. in which

【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars

for a haircut?

—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.

A. as B. which C. where D. that

【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my

friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A. which B. where C. who D. that

【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmos- phere

for her students ______ allows them to communicate

freely with each other.

A. which B. where C. what D. who

【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time,

nearly all the paintings had been sold.

A. which B. when C. what D. that

【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island ______

was completely cut off from the outside world.

A. when B. where C. which D. whom

只能用that不能用which的情况

先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything等

不定代词时

关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

III. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for

something ______ was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. as D. what

先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much,

I. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.

little, no, any修饰时

A. which B. as C. who D. that

II. Is there anything ______ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs

C. that belong D. which belongs

关系词只能用that, 不能用which。

All the people that are present burst into tears.

IV. These people once had fame and fortune; now

______ is left to them is utter poverty.

A. all that

C. all which

B. all what

D. that all

V. There is not much ______ can be done.

A. that B. which

C. what D. how

VI. 【2010浙江】______ that’s important is that you are

doing your best and moving in the right direction.

A. One B. All

C. Everything D. Anything

VII. There is no difficulty ______ can’t be

overcome in the world.

A. that B. which

C. who D. what

VIII. All the apples ______ fell down were eaten by

the pigs.

A. that B. those

C. which D. what

IX. You can take any seat ______ is free.

A. that B. / C. which D. it

先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the

very, the only, the same修饰时

被这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用

which。

X. The most important thing ______ we should pay

attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.

A. which; that B. that; which

C. which; which D. that; that

XI. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that B. it

C. which D. who

XII. The TV play I watched last night is the best one

______ I have watched this year.

A. which B. what

C. whose D. that

XIII. This is the very film ______ I’ve long wished

to see.

A. which B. that

C. who D. whom

XIV. I like the second football match ______ was

held last week.

A. which B. who

C. that D. /

XV. This is the last time ______ I shall come here to

help you.

A. that B. which

C. when D. what

XVI. It’s the third time ______ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that

XVII. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist

______ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which B. whom C. who D. that

XVIII. Both the girl and her dog ______ were crossing

the street were hit by a coming car.

A. which B. who C. they D. that

XIX. All the passengers and suitcases ______ were

still waiting on the broken down bus had to be

transferred to another long distance bus.

A. they B. who C. which D. that

XX. He talked a lot about things and persons ______

they remembered in the school.

A. which B. that C. whom D. what

注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响

只是(答疑qq 329950885)在选用关系代词时才使

用这些规则。如：

XXI. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that

the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life

has developed gradually.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose

XXII. This is the same house ______ her grandfather

was born.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose

其他有关关系词选择的规则

关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；

要用whom，不用who

第2章

【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is

influenced by a number of factors, ______ are

beyond our control.

A. most of them B. most of which

C. most of what D. most of that

第1章

【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French

and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently.

A. who B. whom C. which D. that

第3章

This is the museum ______ we saw an

exhibition the other day.

A. that B. which

that

C. where D. in

gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

A. who B. that C. which

whom

5

第10章

Who is the person ______ is standing at the

D.

第4章

【2009全国I】She brought with her three

friends, none of ______ I had ever met before.

A. them B. who C. whom D. these

第11章

Who ______ has common sense will do such a

thing?

第5章

【2010浙江】The settlement is home to nearly

A. which B. who C. whom D. that

1,000 people, many of ______ left their village

homes for a better life in the city.

第12章

Those ______ not only from books but also

A. whom B. which C. them D. those through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who

第6章

【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to

learn

the relatives from ______ you received gifts?

A. which B. them C. that D.

关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中的实意主

whom

语时, that可指人或物，且通常省略

引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不

用that，也不能省略

(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解)

He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago.

他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。

The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been.

这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。

My typewriter is not the machine (that) it was.

我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。

第7章

【2008浙江】Yesterday she sold her car,

______ she bought a month ago.

A. whom B. where C. that

which

D.

第8章

【2010全国1】As a child, Jack studied in a

village school, ______ is named after his

grandfather.

A. which B. where C. what D. that

you more about later, I ended up working very

late.

A. that B. which C. what D.

when

第13章

She was no longer the woman ______ she was.

A. that B. which

to be.

A. what B. who

C. what D. who

第9章

【2012全国Ⅱ】That evening, ______ I will tell

第14章

She is no longer the sweet girl ______ she used

C. when D. that

当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)

时，关系代词常用who

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我

们的人就是我们的敌人。

All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故

事的人都很惊讶。

当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重

复，用关系代词that

同理，当先行词是that, those时，常用关系代词

which或who。如：

What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

whose可指人也可指物

whose 作关系代词可以指人也可指物，用作定语。

若指物，它还可以同of which互换; 若指人，则不可

与of whom互换

He lives in a house. Its window faces south.

→He lives in a house whose window faces south.

He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.

→He lives in a house, the window of which faces

south.

→He lives in a house, of which the window faces

south.

He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua

University.

由于(答疑qq 329950885)我们一般说his son，不说

the son of him; 说my book, 不说the book of me, 因

此我们只能说:

He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua

University.

而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is

studying in Qinghua University.

名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用

whose

① I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with

disease.

A. where B. of which C. in which D. whose

② 【2010陕西】The old temple, ______ roof was

damaged in storm, is now under repair.

A. where B. which

C. its D. whose

③ 【2011全国I】The prize will go to the writer

______ story shows the most imagination.

A. that

C. whose

B. which

D. what

④ 【2008陕西】The man pulled out a gold watch,

______ were made of small diamonds.

A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of D. the hands of which

⑤ 【2009安徽】Many children, ______ parents are

away working in big cities，are taken good care of in

the village.

A. their B. whose

C. of them D. with whom

⑥ 【2012天津】 I wish to thank Professor Smith,

without ______ help I would never have got this far.

A. who B. whose

C. whom D. which

⑦ 【2013福建】The book tells stories of the

earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives

were affected.

A. whose B. that

C. who D. which

as, but, than用作关系代词

as引导限制性定语从句

例题：I had never heard such an interesting story

______ you told me yesterday.

A. that B. which C. as D. that/which

有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的

基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。

要记住：

如果先行词被such, the same, so+形容词+a/an，

as+形容词+a/an修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。

此时，as同that, who, which, whom一样，是关

系代词，代指the same, so, such和as引导的短语，

常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾

语和表语。

在限制性定语从句中要用关系代词as的，常见

的有以下四种情况：

先行词被such修饰时，构成“such…as…”。

It’s such a heavy stone as nobody can move.

（as作宾语）那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。

Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.

(as作主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。

先行词被the same修饰时，构成“the same…as…”。

We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.

(as作宾语)

我们已得出和他们同样的结论。

This is the same watch as I lost. (as作宾语)

这与我丢的那块表一样。

在 “as…as…” 句型中，第一个as后面跟名词时。

它可以看作是 “as+形容词+as” 的一种变化形式。

He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一样好。

这句话还可以表达为：

He is as good a boy as his brother.

It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as作宾语)

这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。

（参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）

在“so+形+冠+n. + as”句型中 (He is so good a student

as every teacher likes.)

它可以看作是先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as

（第一种情况）的一种变化形式。

He is such a good student as every teacher likes.

他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。

用so可以表达为：

He is so good a student as every teacher likes.

（参看P.错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）

the same…as与the same…that

the same…as指同一类，the same…that指同一个。

I bought the same car as yours.

我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。

This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.

这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。

That is the same man that asked for help the day before

yesterday.

那就是前天来求助的同一个人。

such…as 和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用

结果状语从句）

such…as “像……样的”，as引导的是定语从句, as

作句子成分；

such…that“如此……以至于”，that引导的是结果状

语从句, that不作句子成分。

判断办法：

如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；

如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。

It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked it

out.

（成分完整，结果状语从句, 填that）译为：

这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。

It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked out.

（成分不完整，定语从句, 填as）译为：

这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。

练习

He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with

______.

A. as; him B. that; /

C. as; / D. whom; him

7

It wasn’t such a good present ______ he had promised me.

A. that B. as C. which D. what

These houses are sold at such a low price ______ people

expected.

A. like B. as C. that D. which

He isn’t such a man ______ he used to be.

A. who B. whom C. that D. as

He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half

done.

A. that B. which C. who D. as

We should read such books ______ will make us better

and wiser.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

This is such a heavy box ______ I can’t move it.

A. as B. that

C. which D. whose

Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it

has even influenced our language.

A. as B. that C. which D. where

Last term our English teacher set so difficult an

examination problem ______ none of us worked out.

A. as B. that C. which D. whose

The man showed us so heavy a stone ______ no one can

lift.

A. that B. as C. which D and

I received ______ nice a gift ______ my mother promised.

A. the same; as B. as; as

C. such; as D. the same; that

I want to use the same tools ______ used in your factory a

few days ago.

A. as was B. which was

C. as were D. which

I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

I found the book just ______ I borrowed yesterday so I

got it back at once.

A. the same that B. the same as

C. such as D. such that

Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the

same camera ______ he lost last week.

A. which B. that C. whom D. as

but用作关系代词（选学内容）

but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当

主语。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that

／which ／who．．．not”。它前面的主句通常有“否

定”的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。

(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)。

There is no mother but loves her own children.

（＝There is no mother that／who does not love her own

children. ）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

There is no man but feels pity for the starving children.

没有人不为这些饥饿的孩子感到同情。

There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who

don’t）很少有人不赞赏他的才干。

There is no rule but has exception.

凡规则都有例外。

than用作关系代词 （选学内容）

than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以

充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在

定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是

差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层

比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该

类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形

式。如：

You make more money than is intended to make.(主语)你

挣得的钱比预计的要多。

There were more casualties than was reported.

伤亡人数比报道的要多。

Newspapers and other media do more than simply record

what happens.

报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。

as作关系代词很有用（P. 错误!未定义书签。）

关系副词

关系副词在定语从句中作状语

【2008北京】I’ll give you my friend’s home address,

______ I can be reached most evenings.

A. which B. when C. whom D. where

【2008安徽】All the neighbors admire this family,

______ the parents are treating their child like a friend.

A. why B. where C. which D. that

【2009重庆】Life is like a long race ______ we compete

with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what C. that D. where

【2012重庆】Sales director is a position ______

communication ability is just as important as sales ability.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information

is available with great ease than ever before.

A. why B. when

C. to whom D. on which

【2013四川】Nowadays people are more concerned

about the environment ______ they live.

A. what B. which C. when D. where

the way作先行词

首先要确定the way在定语从句中作什么成分。

如果the way在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关

系代词。如：

I don’t like the way ______ will cost too much money.

The way ______ he thought of to solve the problem was

not practical.

在句1中，the way在定语从句中作主语，因此要填

关系代词that/which。

在句2中，the way在定语从句中作宾语，因此也要

用关系代词：that/which/省略。

如果the way在定语从句中作状语(定语从句还原后

是in the way)，关系词用下面三种情况的任一种：

①in which；②that；③省略。

The way ______ he answered the question was

surprising.

A. how

C. in which

B. that

D. / E. B/C/D

定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：He answered the

question in the way.

in the way在定语从句中作状语，因此选E。

The way ______ he looks at problems is wrong.

A. which B. whose C. what D./

That is not the way ______ I do it.

A. / B. which

C. for which D. with which

This is the only way ______ you can find.

A. that B. / C. in which

D. A, B and C E. A and B

I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to his mother.

A. that B. /

C. in which D. A, B and C

situation, case, point, business等作先行词

【2007江西】After graduation she reached a point in her

career ______ she needed to decide what to do.

A. that B. what C. which D. where

【2009浙江】I have reached a point in my life______ I

am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

【2003上海】I can think of many cases ______ students

obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions

but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why B. which C. as D. where

【2008江西】Later in this chapter cases will be

introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have

resulted in changes in the law.

A. where B. when C. who D. which

【2004湖南】I work in a business ______ almost

everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

【2009福建】It’s helpful to put children in a situation

______ they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when

C. which D. where

9

In experiments ______ young teens are allowed to sleep

as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of

hours.

A. that B. which

C. where D. when

occasion(时机)作先行词时关系副词用when

It was a rare -indeed unique occasion when I was able

to put Ritchie right.

when引导非限制性定语从句

It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,

______ for the first time in years their team won the

world cup.

A. that B. while

C. which D. when

The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, ______ the sun is high

in the sky.

A. while B. when C. so D. that

Christmas is the only time of the year, ______ men and

women open their hearts freely and think of other people.

A. while B. when C. so D. that

We played in the garden till sunset, ______ it began to

rain.

A. when B. after C. while D. then

关系词的省略(仅供了解)

关系代词的省略

关系代词作宾语时的省略

当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中用作动词

宾语或介词宾语，

(答疑qq 329950885)

且关系

代词不直接位于介词后面时，可以省略。如：

Is there anything (that) you want?

想要什么东西吗?

Who is the man (that, who, whom) you were talking

to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

但是，如果是直接用于介词后作宾语或位于非限制

性定语从句中，则不可省略。如：

This is the room in which I live.

这是我住的那间房间。

He met Mary at the party, whom he married a week

later.

关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中作实意主

语时

用关系代词that, that可指人或物，且常省略。如：

China is not the country (that) it was in the old times.

中国已不是旧时代的中国了。

The old man is not the man (that) he was. 这个老人

已不是以前那个样子了。

The wisdom she gave me has helped shape the

person I am today.

她给我的智慧把我塑造成现在的样子。

This is the fastest computer （that） there has ever

been.这是有史以来运算最快的计算机。

关系副词的省略

关系副词when的省略

用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但

若用于day, year, time, the moment等少数几个词后

时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：

That was the year (that) I first went abroad.

就是那一年我第一次出国了。

I’ll never forget the day (that) we met.

我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

By the time (when) he was fourteen years old,

Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by

himself.

到14岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。

Do you still remember the day (when) we first met?

你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？

关系副词where的省略

用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省

略，但若用于place, somewhere, anywhere,

everywhere, nowhere等几个词后时可以省略(也可

换成that)。如：

This is (答疑qq 329950885)the place (where) we

met for the first time.

这是我们第一次见面的地方。

Do you have anywhere (that) I can lie down for an

hour?

你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？

关系副词why的省略

关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定

语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省

略。如：

That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.

这就是他来的原因。

Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给

我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

介词＋关系代词

关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或 which,

不可用who, that

(参看P. 4)

from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，可以引导定语

从句

如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can

see the town.

1. China is the birthplace of kites, ______ kite flying

spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.

A. from that B. from where

C. from there D. from here

像look after, look for等固定短语动词

在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。如：

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

2. This is the baby ______ tomorrow.

A. after whom I shall look

B. whom I shall look after

C. whose I shall look after

D. after whom I shall look after

部分与整体用of

some of us, many of them

3. The course normally attracts 20 students per year,

______ up to half will be from overseas.

A. in which B. for which

C. with which D. of whom

4. There are many books on science, ______ this is

one example.

A. which B. from which

C. of which D. into which

5. 【2008四川】For many cities in the world, there is

no room to spread out further, ______ New York is

an example.

A. for which B. in which

C. of which D. from which

6. 【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students,

______ half wear glasses.

A. in whom B. in them

C. of whom D. of them

介词的选择：看前看后看意思

看与先行词的搭配

7. The bicycle ______ he often rides needs repairing.

A. on which B. in which

C. by which D. with which

8. Human facial expressions differ from those of

animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled

on purpose.

A. with which B. to which

C. of which D. for which

9. 【2012全国Ⅱ】100℃ is the temperature ______

which water will boil.

A. for B. at C. on D. of

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live B. on which we live

C. where we live in D. we live in

11. 【2008上海】We went through a period ______

communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

A. which B. whose

C. in which D. with which

11

17. He is a man of great experience, ______ much can

be learned.

A. who B. that

C. from which D. from whom

18. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person

______ she could turn for help.

A. whom B. who

C. to whom D. form whom

19. The pen ______ he is writing is mine.

A. with which B. in which

C. on which D. by which

20. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______

Hangzhou is famous in the world.

A. for which B. for that

C. in which D. what

21. 【2009陕西】Gun control is a subject ______

Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which

C. about which D. into which

12. 【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process

______ even the small details of life should be

根据句子意思

considered.

22. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ______ he

A. what B. in what C. which D. in which

could see ______ was going on inside the house.

A. which; what B. through which;

看谓语的搭配

what

C. through that; what D. what; that

13. The two things ______ they felt very proud are

Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

23. In the office I never seem to have time until after

A. about which B. of which

5:, ______ many people have gone home.

C. in which D. for which

A. whose time B. that

C. on which D. by which time

14. Henry set up a club for football fans, ______ he

invited all his friends.

24. 【2008上海春】Villagers here depend on the

A. for whom B. to whom

fishing industry, ______ there won’t be much work.

C. to which D. from which

A. where B. that

C. by which D. without which

15. 【2010上海】Wind power is an ancient source of

energy ______ we may return in the near future.

A. on which B. by which

C. to which D. from which

16. Is this just the city ______ the foreign guests wish

to pay a visit ______.

A. which; in B. to which; /

C. that; to D. to that; /

25. 【2008福建】By nine o’clock, all the Olympic

torch bearers had reached the top of Mount

Qomolangma, ______ appeared a rare rainbow

soon.

A. of which B. on which

C. from which D. above which

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

形式上

意义上

译法上

限制性定语从句

不用逗号和主句隔开

是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一

个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整

翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”

非限制性定语从句

用逗号和主句隔开

是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整

通常翻译成主句的并列句

2024年3月25日发(作者：麴亦竹)

1

第七章 定语从句

相关概念

主句、从句、关系词

例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the

English Speech Competition.

主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后

的部分，是句子的主句。 (例句中，This is the boy.

是主句。)

定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或

代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定

语。） (例句中，who won the first prize in the

English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the

boy。)

先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总

是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中，the boy

是先行词。)

关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系

代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)

关系词的三个作用

作定语从句的一个句子成分。

起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 错误!未定义书

签。错误!未找到引用源。）。

代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的

主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面

的先行词the boy。）

关系代词

指人时可以用who, 也可用that。

Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?

The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s

uncle.

指物时可以用which, 也可用that。

I like visiting places which/that are not far away.

How do you like the film which/that was shown last

Sunday.

whose可以指人也可以指物。

He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in

his life time.

The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.

关系代词作宾语时可以省略。

I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.

Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked

about just now?

注：（）表示关系代词省略

关系副词

关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，

where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：

We will put off the picnic until next week when the

weather may be better.

He has reached the point where a change is needed.

That is no reason why you should leave.

This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)

基础过关

1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。

The man

______

/

______

was here yesterday is a painter.

The man

______

/

______

/

______

/

______

I saw is called

Smith.

A child

______

parents are dead is called an orphan.

I’d like a room

______

window looks out over the sea.

A letter

______

/

______

is written in pencil is hard to read.

The letter

______

/

______

/

______

I received from him

yesterday is very important.

That is the boy

______

/

______

/

______

/

______

you are

looking for.

Do you know the reason

______

he was late for the

meeting？

This is the school

______

I used to study.

I still remember the day

______

we met for the first time.

2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和

关系词。

主句：______ 定语从句:（ ）

先行词：先行词 关系词：

例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).

The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.

Have you bought the book which we talked about？

I still remember the day which we spent together last

week.

He still lives in the house whose windows face south.

The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most

fluently in our class.

The girl who you met was John’s sister.

There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.

They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still

dark.

The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.

Is this the hospital where you were born?

关系词的选择

选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什

．．．．

么成分

含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句

和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。

还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原(答

疑qq 329950885)为完整的一句话。（可以添词）

替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，

作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间

状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同

选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，

初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候

而不是看先行词是什么词性。

用which/that即可）

He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.

He worked in the factory where his father had worked.

I like the school which is near to my home.

I like the school where my sister studies.

在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用

which也有用where的；

在句3和句4中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词

有用which也有用where的。

因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并

不是先行词。

在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，

因此用的都是关系代词which；

在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，

因此都是用关系副词where。

我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

语从句中作什么成分。

．．．．．．．．．

选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”

找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。（参看本

章第1讲）

例如：

This is the school ______ I once studied.

This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.

I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches

English.

找：（略）

还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原

成完整的一句话后分别为：

I once studied at the school.

The school is the most famous in the city.

My father teaches English at the school.

粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的

部分。

替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用

where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要

换为which/that。

因此，答案为：；2. that/which；3. where

关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首

【2009江西】The house I grew up ______ has been

taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介

词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可

以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因

此选B。

利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词

Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for

his carelessness in his work?

A. that B. what C. how D. why

Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work?

A. that B. what C. how D. why

The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill.

A. why; that B. that; why

C. for that; that D. for which; what

He lives in a village ______ is not far from the city.

A. which B. where C. what D. whose

He lives in the village ______ he was born.

A. which B. where

C. what D. whose

In an hour, we travel to places ______ could have taken

our ancestors days to reach.

A. where B. when

C. which D. what

In an hour, we travel to places ______ we can relax and

get refreshed.

A. where B. when

C. which D. what

The place ______ interested me most was the Children’s

Palace.

A. which B. where

C. what D. in which

The place ______ he had a good time last Sunday was the

Children’s Palace.

A. which B. where

C. what D. in where

I’ll never forget the days

______

we studied together.

A. that B. / C. when D. A and B

I’ll never forget the days

______

we spent together.

A. that B. / C. when D. A and B

3

If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in

ways

______

do not do harm to other living things.

A. in which B. / C. how D. that

Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced?

A. when B. the one where

C. that D. in which

Is this factory ______ color TV sets are produced?

A. which B. the one where

C. that D. in which

This is the factory ______ produces color TV sets.

A. where B. the one where

C. that D. in which

【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars

for a haircut?

—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.

A. as B. which C. where D. that

【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my

friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A. which B. where C. who D. that

【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmos- phere

for her students ______ allows them to communicate

freely with each other.

A. which B. where C. what D. who

【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time,

nearly all the paintings had been sold.

A. which B. when C. what D. that

【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island ______

was completely cut off from the outside world.

A. when B. where C. which D. whom

只能用that不能用which的情况

先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything等

不定代词时

关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

III. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for

something ______ was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. as D. what

先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much,

I. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.

little, no, any修饰时

A. which B. as C. who D. that

II. Is there anything ______ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs

C. that belong D. which belongs

关系词只能用that, 不能用which。

All the people that are present burst into tears.

IV. These people once had fame and fortune; now

______ is left to them is utter poverty.

A. all that

C. all which

B. all what

D. that all

V. There is not much ______ can be done.

A. that B. which

C. what D. how

VI. 【2010浙江】______ that’s important is that you are

doing your best and moving in the right direction.

A. One B. All

C. Everything D. Anything

VII. There is no difficulty ______ can’t be

overcome in the world.

A. that B. which

C. who D. what

VIII. All the apples ______ fell down were eaten by

the pigs.

A. that B. those

C. which D. what

IX. You can take any seat ______ is free.

A. that B. / C. which D. it

先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the

very, the only, the same修饰时

被这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用

which。

X. The most important thing ______ we should pay

attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.

A. which; that B. that; which

C. which; which D. that; that

XI. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that B. it

C. which D. who

XII. The TV play I watched last night is the best one

______ I have watched this year.

A. which B. what

C. whose D. that

XIII. This is the very film ______ I’ve long wished

to see.

A. which B. that

C. who D. whom

XIV. I like the second football match ______ was

held last week.

A. which B. who

C. that D. /

XV. This is the last time ______ I shall come here to

help you.

A. that B. which

C. when D. what

XVI. It’s the third time ______ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that

XVII. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist

______ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which B. whom C. who D. that

XVIII. Both the girl and her dog ______ were crossing

the street were hit by a coming car.

A. which B. who C. they D. that

XIX. All the passengers and suitcases ______ were

still waiting on the broken down bus had to be

transferred to another long distance bus.

A. they B. who C. which D. that

XX. He talked a lot about things and persons ______

they remembered in the school.

A. which B. that C. whom D. what

注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响

只是(答疑qq 329950885)在选用关系代词时才使

用这些规则。如：

XXI. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that

the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life

has developed gradually.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose

XXII. This is the same house ______ her grandfather

was born.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose

其他有关关系词选择的规则

关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；

要用whom，不用who

第2章

【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is

influenced by a number of factors, ______ are

beyond our control.

A. most of them B. most of which

C. most of what D. most of that

第1章

【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French

and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently.

A. who B. whom C. which D. that

第3章

This is the museum ______ we saw an

exhibition the other day.

A. that B. which

that

C. where D. in

gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

A. who B. that C. which

whom

5

第10章

Who is the person ______ is standing at the

D.

第4章

【2009全国I】She brought with her three

friends, none of ______ I had ever met before.

A. them B. who C. whom D. these

第11章

Who ______ has common sense will do such a

thing?

第5章

【2010浙江】The settlement is home to nearly

A. which B. who C. whom D. that

1,000 people, many of ______ left their village

homes for a better life in the city.

第12章

Those ______ not only from books but also

A. whom B. which C. them D. those through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who

第6章

【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to

learn

the relatives from ______ you received gifts?

A. which B. them C. that D.

关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中的实意主

whom

语时, that可指人或物，且通常省略

引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which, who, whom, 不

用that，也不能省略

(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解)

He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago.

他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。

The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been.

这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。

My typewriter is not the machine (that) it was.

我的打字机已不是过去的机器了。

第7章

【2008浙江】Yesterday she sold her car,

______ she bought a month ago.

A. whom B. where C. that

which

D.

第8章

【2010全国1】As a child, Jack studied in a

village school, ______ is named after his

grandfather.

A. which B. where C. what D. that

you more about later, I ended up working very

late.

A. that B. which C. what D.

when

第13章

She was no longer the woman ______ she was.

A. that B. which

to be.

A. what B. who

C. what D. who

第9章

【2012全国Ⅱ】That evening, ______ I will tell

第14章

She is no longer the sweet girl ______ she used

C. when D. that

当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)

时，关系代词常用who

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我

们的人就是我们的敌人。

All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故

事的人都很惊讶。

当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重

复，用关系代词that

同理，当先行词是that, those时，常用关系代词

which或who。如：

What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

whose可指人也可指物

whose 作关系代词可以指人也可指物，用作定语。

若指物，它还可以同of which互换; 若指人，则不可

与of whom互换

He lives in a house. Its window faces south.

→He lives in a house whose window faces south.

He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.

→He lives in a house, the window of which faces

south.

→He lives in a house, of which the window faces

south.

He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua

University.

由于(答疑qq 329950885)我们一般说his son，不说

the son of him; 说my book, 不说the book of me, 因

此我们只能说:

He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua

University.

而不能说：He is the farmer, the son of whom is

studying in Qinghua University.

名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用

whose

① I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with

disease.

A. where B. of which C. in which D. whose

② 【2010陕西】The old temple, ______ roof was

damaged in storm, is now under repair.

A. where B. which

C. its D. whose

③ 【2011全国I】The prize will go to the writer

______ story shows the most imagination.

A. that

C. whose

B. which

D. what

④ 【2008陕西】The man pulled out a gold watch,

______ were made of small diamonds.

A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of D. the hands of which

⑤ 【2009安徽】Many children, ______ parents are

away working in big cities，are taken good care of in

the village.

A. their B. whose

C. of them D. with whom

⑥ 【2012天津】 I wish to thank Professor Smith,

without ______ help I would never have got this far.

A. who B. whose

C. whom D. which

⑦ 【2013福建】The book tells stories of the

earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives

were affected.

A. whose B. that

C. who D. which

as, but, than用作关系代词

as引导限制性定语从句

例题：I had never heard such an interesting story

______ you told me yesterday.

A. that B. which C. as D. that/which

有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的

基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。

要记住：

如果先行词被such, the same, so+形容词+a/an，

as+形容词+a/an修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。

此时，as同that, who, which, whom一样，是关

系代词，代指the same, so, such和as引导的短语，

常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾

语和表语。

在限制性定语从句中要用关系代词as的，常见

的有以下四种情况：

先行词被such修饰时，构成“such…as…”。

It’s such a heavy stone as nobody can move.

（as作宾语）那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。

Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face.

(as作主语) 不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。

先行词被the same修饰时，构成“the same…as…”。

We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.

(as作宾语)

我们已得出和他们同样的结论。

This is the same watch as I lost. (as作宾语)

这与我丢的那块表一样。

在 “as…as…” 句型中，第一个as后面跟名词时。

它可以看作是 “as+形容词+as” 的一种变化形式。

He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一样好。

这句话还可以表达为：

He is as good a boy as his brother.

It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. (as作宾语)

这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。

（参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）

在“so+形+冠+n. + as”句型中 (He is so good a student

as every teacher likes.)

它可以看作是先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as

（第一种情况）的一种变化形式。

He is such a good student as every teacher likes.

他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。

用so可以表达为：

He is so good a student as every teacher likes.

（参看P.错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。）

the same…as与the same…that

the same…as指同一类，the same…that指同一个。

I bought the same car as yours.

我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。

This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.

这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。

That is the same man that asked for help the day before

yesterday.

那就是前天来求助的同一个人。

such…as 和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用

结果状语从句）

such…as “像……样的”，as引导的是定语从句, as

作句子成分；

such…that“如此……以至于”，that引导的是结果状

语从句, that不作句子成分。

判断办法：

如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；

如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。

It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked it

out.

（成分完整，结果状语从句, 填that）译为：

这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。

It was so difficult a problem ______ no one worked out.

（成分不完整，定语从句, 填as）译为：

这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。

练习

He is such a lazy man ______ nobody wants to work with

______.

A. as; him B. that; /

C. as; / D. whom; him

7

It wasn’t such a good present ______ he had promised me.

A. that B. as C. which D. what

These houses are sold at such a low price ______ people

expected.

A. like B. as C. that D. which

He isn’t such a man ______ he used to be.

A. who B. whom C. that D. as

He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half

done.

A. that B. which C. who D. as

We should read such books ______ will make us better

and wiser.

A. when B. as C. whose D. what

This is such a heavy box ______ I can’t move it.

A. as B. that

C. which D. whose

Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it

has even influenced our language.

A. as B. that C. which D. where

Last term our English teacher set so difficult an

examination problem ______ none of us worked out.

A. as B. that C. which D. whose

The man showed us so heavy a stone ______ no one can

lift.

A. that B. as C. which D and

I received ______ nice a gift ______ my mother promised.

A. the same; as B. as; as

C. such; as D. the same; that

I want to use the same tools ______ used in your factory a

few days ago.

A. as was B. which was

C. as were D. which

I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

I found the book just ______ I borrowed yesterday so I

got it back at once.

A. the same that B. the same as

C. such as D. such that

Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the

same camera ______ he lost last week.

A. which B. that C. whom D. as

but用作关系代词（选学内容）

but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当

主语。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that

／which ／who．．．not”。它前面的主句通常有“否

定”的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。

(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)。

There is no mother but loves her own children.

（＝There is no mother that／who does not love her own

children. ）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

There is no man but feels pity for the starving children.

没有人不为这些饥饿的孩子感到同情。

There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who

don’t）很少有人不赞赏他的才干。

There is no rule but has exception.

凡规则都有例外。

than用作关系代词 （选学内容）

than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以

充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在

定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是

差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层

比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该

类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形

式。如：

You make more money than is intended to make.(主语)你

挣得的钱比预计的要多。

There were more casualties than was reported.

伤亡人数比报道的要多。

Newspapers and other media do more than simply record

what happens.

报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。

as作关系代词很有用（P. 错误!未定义书签。）

关系副词

关系副词在定语从句中作状语

【2008北京】I’ll give you my friend’s home address,

______ I can be reached most evenings.

A. which B. when C. whom D. where

【2008安徽】All the neighbors admire this family,

______ the parents are treating their child like a friend.

A. why B. where C. which D. that

【2009重庆】Life is like a long race ______ we compete

with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what C. that D. where

【2012重庆】Sales director is a position ______

communication ability is just as important as sales ability.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information

is available with great ease than ever before.

A. why B. when

C. to whom D. on which

【2013四川】Nowadays people are more concerned

about the environment ______ they live.

A. what B. which C. when D. where

the way作先行词

首先要确定the way在定语从句中作什么成分。

如果the way在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关

系代词。如：

I don’t like the way ______ will cost too much money.

The way ______ he thought of to solve the problem was

not practical.

在句1中，the way在定语从句中作主语，因此要填

关系代词that/which。

在句2中，the way在定语从句中作宾语，因此也要

用关系代词：that/which/省略。

如果the way在定语从句中作状语(定语从句还原后

是in the way)，关系词用下面三种情况的任一种：

①in which；②that；③省略。

The way ______ he answered the question was

surprising.

A. how

C. in which

B. that

D. / E. B/C/D

定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：He answered the

question in the way.

in the way在定语从句中作状语，因此选E。

The way ______ he looks at problems is wrong.

A. which B. whose C. what D./

That is not the way ______ I do it.

A. / B. which

C. for which D. with which

This is the only way ______ you can find.

A. that B. / C. in which

D. A, B and C E. A and B

I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to his mother.

A. that B. /

C. in which D. A, B and C

situation, case, point, business等作先行词

【2007江西】After graduation she reached a point in her

career ______ she needed to decide what to do.

A. that B. what C. which D. where

【2009浙江】I have reached a point in my life______ I

am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

【2003上海】I can think of many cases ______ students

obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions

but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why B. which C. as D. where

【2008江西】Later in this chapter cases will be

introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have

resulted in changes in the law.

A. where B. when C. who D. which

【2004湖南】I work in a business ______ almost

everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

【2009福建】It’s helpful to put children in a situation

______ they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when

C. which D. where

9

In experiments ______ young teens are allowed to sleep

as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of

hours.

A. that B. which

C. where D. when

occasion(时机)作先行词时关系副词用when

It was a rare -indeed unique occasion when I was able

to put Ritchie right.

when引导非限制性定语从句

It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,

______ for the first time in years their team won the

world cup.

A. that B. while

C. which D. when

The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, ______ the sun is high

in the sky.

A. while B. when C. so D. that

Christmas is the only time of the year, ______ men and

women open their hearts freely and think of other people.

A. while B. when C. so D. that

We played in the garden till sunset, ______ it began to

rain.

A. when B. after C. while D. then

关系词的省略(仅供了解)

关系代词的省略

关系代词作宾语时的省略

当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中用作动词

宾语或介词宾语，

(答疑qq 329950885)

且关系

代词不直接位于介词后面时，可以省略。如：

Is there anything (that) you want?

想要什么东西吗?

Who is the man (that, who, whom) you were talking

to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

但是，如果是直接用于介词后作宾语或位于非限制

性定语从句中，则不可省略。如：

This is the room in which I live.

这是我住的那间房间。

He met Mary at the party, whom he married a week

later.

关系代词在从句中作表语或there be结构中作实意主

语时

用关系代词that, that可指人或物，且常省略。如：

China is not the country (that) it was in the old times.

中国已不是旧时代的中国了。

The old man is not the man (that) he was. 这个老人

已不是以前那个样子了。

The wisdom she gave me has helped shape the

person I am today.

她给我的智慧把我塑造成现在的样子。

This is the fastest computer （that） there has ever

been.这是有史以来运算最快的计算机。

关系副词的省略

关系副词when的省略

用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但

若用于day, year, time, the moment等少数几个词后

时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：

That was the year (that) I first went abroad.

就是那一年我第一次出国了。

I’ll never forget the day (that) we met.

我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

By the time (when) he was fourteen years old,

Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by

himself.

到14岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。

Do you still remember the day (when) we first met?

你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？

关系副词where的省略

用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省

略，但若用于place, somewhere, anywhere,

everywhere, nowhere等几个词后时可以省略(也可

换成that)。如：

This is (答疑qq 329950885)the place (where) we

met for the first time.

这是我们第一次见面的地方。

Do you have anywhere (that) I can lie down for an

hour?

你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？

关系副词why的省略

关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定

语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省

略。如：

That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.

这就是他来的原因。

Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给

我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

介词＋关系代词

关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或 which,

不可用who, that

(参看P. 4)

from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，可以引导定语

从句

如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can

see the town.

1. China is the birthplace of kites, ______ kite flying

spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.

A. from that B. from where

C. from there D. from here

像look after, look for等固定短语动词

在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。如：

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

2. This is the baby ______ tomorrow.

A. after whom I shall look

B. whom I shall look after

C. whose I shall look after

D. after whom I shall look after

部分与整体用of

some of us, many of them

3. The course normally attracts 20 students per year,

______ up to half will be from overseas.

A. in which B. for which

C. with which D. of whom

4. There are many books on science, ______ this is

one example.

A. which B. from which

C. of which D. into which

5. 【2008四川】For many cities in the world, there is

no room to spread out further, ______ New York is

an example.

A. for which B. in which

C. of which D. from which

6. 【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students,

______ half wear glasses.

A. in whom B. in them

C. of whom D. of them

介词的选择：看前看后看意思

看与先行词的搭配

7. The bicycle ______ he often rides needs repairing.

A. on which B. in which

C. by which D. with which

8. Human facial expressions differ from those of

animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled

on purpose.

A. with which B. to which

C. of which D. for which

9. 【2012全国Ⅱ】100℃ is the temperature ______

which water will boil.

A. for B. at C. on D. of

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live B. on which we live

C. where we live in D. we live in

11. 【2008上海】We went through a period ______

communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

A. which B. whose

C. in which D. with which

11

17. He is a man of great experience, ______ much can

be learned.

A. who B. that

C. from which D. from whom

18. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person

______ she could turn for help.

A. whom B. who

C. to whom D. form whom

19. The pen ______ he is writing is mine.

A. with which B. in which

C. on which D. by which

20. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______

Hangzhou is famous in the world.

A. for which B. for that

C. in which D. what

21. 【2009陕西】Gun control is a subject ______

Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which

C. about which D. into which

12. 【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process

______ even the small details of life should be

根据句子意思

considered.

22. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ______ he

A. what B. in what C. which D. in which

could see ______ was going on inside the house.

A. which; what B. through which;

看谓语的搭配

what

C. through that; what D. what; that

13. The two things ______ they felt very proud are

Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

23. In the office I never seem to have time until after

A. about which B. of which

5:, ______ many people have gone home.

C. in which D. for which

A. whose time B. that

C. on which D. by which time

14. Henry set up a club for football fans, ______ he

invited all his friends.

24. 【2008上海春】Villagers here depend on the

A. for whom B. to whom

fishing industry, ______ there won’t be much work.

C. to which D. from which

A. where B. that

C. by which D. without which

15. 【2010上海】Wind power is an ancient source of

energy ______ we may return in the near future.

A. on which B. by which

C. to which D. from which

16. Is this just the city ______ the foreign guests wish

to pay a visit ______.

A. which; in B. to which; /

C. that; to D. to that; /

25. 【2008福建】By nine o’clock, all the Olympic

torch bearers had reached the top of Mount

Qomolangma, ______ appeared a rare rainbow

soon.

A. of which B. on which

C. from which D. above which

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

形式上

意义上

译法上

限制性定语从句

不用逗号和主句隔开

是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一

个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整

翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”

非限制性定语从句

用逗号和主句隔开

是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整

通常翻译成主句的并列句