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剂型介绍-可溶性液剂SL-USB迷|专注于互联网分享
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剂型介绍-可溶性液剂SL

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2024年6月2日发(作者:九鸿风)

剂型介绍-可溶性液剂SL

第一节 概述

一、概念

1.水剂:AS,是有效成分或其盐的水溶液制剂,药剂(分散相/溶质)以分子或离子状

态分散在水(介质/溶剂)中的真溶液制剂。

2.可溶性性液剂:SL,是均一、透明的液体制剂,用水稀释后,形成真溶液,药剂以

分子或离子状态分散在介质中。

二、不同的原药加工成不同的剂型

水剂(AS)

浓可溶剂:溶剂为与水混溶的液体

水剂:

原药在水中有较大的溶解度,且稳定

不溶于水或溶解度很小,可形成水溶性盐,并保持原药的活性,

有机酸类、碱金属粒子和有机胺类形成水溶性盐

1

有效成分与酸离子形成水溶性盐

浓可溶剂:

原药在水中有很大的溶解度

在水中不稳定或不溶于水或溶解度很小,但在与水混溶的溶剂有较大的溶解度。

三、可溶性液剂的组成

1.溶剂

加工成水剂时,溶剂是水;另一类溶剂是可与水混溶的液体;低级醇类和酮类。

考虑溶剂对原药的溶解度、价格、来源等,一般选择极性较大的溶剂,或复合溶剂。

2.可溶性液剂的助剂

AS一般加入SAA、防分解剂、防冻剂、防霉剂等。

2.可溶性液剂的助剂

SL助剂有乳化、增溶、渗透作用,还需要考虑:

(1)HLB值、克拉夫点和浊点

2

HLB值一般要求大于10,在使用离子型表面活性剂时希望克拉夫点愈低愈好,用非

离子型表面活性剂时,希望克拉夫点越高越好。

定义:克拉夫点,又称三相点,是离子型表面活性剂的一个特征参数,体系中可能存

在着三个相,即表面活性剂真溶液胶束和固体表面活性剂,此温度成为三相点

(2)表面张力和接触角

加入润湿剂降低表面张力和接触角,改善药液的润湿性、展布性,有利于药液的吸收。

(3)助剂结构对农药生物活性影响;

(4)助剂用量;

(5)低起泡性和低毒性助剂。

第二节 可溶性液剂的配制技术

一、SL的配制技术

能溶于水的原药可以直接配制成AS;难溶于水或溶解度低的

配制方法有两种:

物理方法:根据农药有效成分的物理特性及各功能团的结构组成,寻找溶解介质,利

用增溶作用、助溶作用及其助剂的功能配制成SL。

3

化学方法:改变农药有效成分结构,增大在介质中的溶解度。

二、SL质量测定指标

1.有效成分

2.水分含量

3.酸碱度、持久起泡性

4.稳定性、水互溶性

5.黏度、表面张力

补充:可溶性液剂与微乳剂的区别

1、在适用的农药活性物品种上的区别。可溶性液剂的研制对象为在水中呈微溶状态的

农药原药,而微乳剂配制的对象更广泛,还包括大量的难溶的农药原药。

2、在微乳剂中,对固体农药活性物只需用少量非极性溶剂配成药液即可。而在可溶液

剂中,不管是固态或液态农药,均需配以大量的极性溶剂以提高亲水性。

3、制剂的有效成份含量不同,同一农药用SL剂型能制成较高含量的制剂,而用微乳

剂不可能制成高含量制剂,例如吡虫啉,即使利用特种溶剂所配制的微乳剂,其含量都难

达到3%,以致不能实现产业化。但配制成SL,其浓度都可高达20-30%。

4

4、可溶液剂与同含量微乳剂相比,由于微观结构不同,其导电性较大,一般情况下,

可测定溶液电导以作进一步的鉴别。

5、SL的最大优点在于:许多原来很难制得液体剂型的原药,通过SL剂型能溶于水,

并能呈分子状,具有很强的穿透性,通常用于特定的防治对象。例如吡虫啉SL主要用于动

物皮毛的杀虫,树木的保护,而25%戊唑醇可溶液剂则主要用于木材的处理等方面。

6、基于和微乳剂相同的原因,不宜轻易扩大SL的使用范围,尤其不宜大面积推广到

大田作物及食用的瓜果蔬菜等品种上。

5

2024年6月2日发(作者:九鸿风)

剂型介绍-可溶性液剂SL

第一节 概述

一、概念

1.水剂:AS,是有效成分或其盐的水溶液制剂,药剂(分散相/溶质)以分子或离子状

态分散在水(介质/溶剂)中的真溶液制剂。

2.可溶性性液剂:SL,是均一、透明的液体制剂,用水稀释后,形成真溶液,药剂以

分子或离子状态分散在介质中。

二、不同的原药加工成不同的剂型

水剂(AS)

浓可溶剂:溶剂为与水混溶的液体

水剂:

原药在水中有较大的溶解度,且稳定

不溶于水或溶解度很小,可形成水溶性盐,并保持原药的活性,

有机酸类、碱金属粒子和有机胺类形成水溶性盐

1

有效成分与酸离子形成水溶性盐

浓可溶剂:

原药在水中有很大的溶解度

在水中不稳定或不溶于水或溶解度很小,但在与水混溶的溶剂有较大的溶解度。

三、可溶性液剂的组成

1.溶剂

加工成水剂时,溶剂是水;另一类溶剂是可与水混溶的液体;低级醇类和酮类。

考虑溶剂对原药的溶解度、价格、来源等,一般选择极性较大的溶剂,或复合溶剂。

2.可溶性液剂的助剂

AS一般加入SAA、防分解剂、防冻剂、防霉剂等。

2.可溶性液剂的助剂

SL助剂有乳化、增溶、渗透作用,还需要考虑:

(1)HLB值、克拉夫点和浊点

2

HLB值一般要求大于10,在使用离子型表面活性剂时希望克拉夫点愈低愈好,用非

离子型表面活性剂时,希望克拉夫点越高越好。

定义:克拉夫点,又称三相点,是离子型表面活性剂的一个特征参数,体系中可能存

在着三个相,即表面活性剂真溶液胶束和固体表面活性剂,此温度成为三相点

(2)表面张力和接触角

加入润湿剂降低表面张力和接触角,改善药液的润湿性、展布性,有利于药液的吸收。

(3)助剂结构对农药生物活性影响;

(4)助剂用量;

(5)低起泡性和低毒性助剂。

第二节 可溶性液剂的配制技术

一、SL的配制技术

能溶于水的原药可以直接配制成AS;难溶于水或溶解度低的

配制方法有两种:

物理方法:根据农药有效成分的物理特性及各功能团的结构组成,寻找溶解介质,利

用增溶作用、助溶作用及其助剂的功能配制成SL。

3

化学方法:改变农药有效成分结构,增大在介质中的溶解度。

二、SL质量测定指标

1.有效成分

2.水分含量

3.酸碱度、持久起泡性

4.稳定性、水互溶性

5.黏度、表面张力

补充:可溶性液剂与微乳剂的区别

1、在适用的农药活性物品种上的区别。可溶性液剂的研制对象为在水中呈微溶状态的

农药原药,而微乳剂配制的对象更广泛,还包括大量的难溶的农药原药。

2、在微乳剂中,对固体农药活性物只需用少量非极性溶剂配成药液即可。而在可溶液

剂中,不管是固态或液态农药,均需配以大量的极性溶剂以提高亲水性。

3、制剂的有效成份含量不同,同一农药用SL剂型能制成较高含量的制剂,而用微乳

剂不可能制成高含量制剂,例如吡虫啉,即使利用特种溶剂所配制的微乳剂,其含量都难

达到3%,以致不能实现产业化。但配制成SL,其浓度都可高达20-30%。

4

4、可溶液剂与同含量微乳剂相比,由于微观结构不同,其导电性较大,一般情况下,

可测定溶液电导以作进一步的鉴别。

5、SL的最大优点在于:许多原来很难制得液体剂型的原药,通过SL剂型能溶于水,

并能呈分子状,具有很强的穿透性,通常用于特定的防治对象。例如吡虫啉SL主要用于动

物皮毛的杀虫,树木的保护,而25%戊唑醇可溶液剂则主要用于木材的处理等方面。

6、基于和微乳剂相同的原因,不宜轻易扩大SL的使用范围,尤其不宜大面积推广到

大田作物及食用的瓜果蔬菜等品种上。

5

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File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1716751292)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1716751292)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1716817318)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1716817318)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1716817431)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1716817431)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1716998111)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1716998111)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1728752837)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1728752837)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1729967655)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1729967655)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
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