2024年5月6日发(作者：何海白)

普通法优点:

首先，普通法的协调性有助于维护法律的统一性与权威性。普通法是由法官创制的法

律,但并非任意创造的,而是在一系列原则的约束下进行的,特别是通过严格的先例原则保持

了判例法的协调性。上级法院判决形成的先例为下级法院判案的“模范”,严格而谨慎地遵

守先例的结果,造成了法律规则在各个不同法院间的统一适用。

其次，普通法可以保持法律的稳定性和连续性。普通法将对案件判断的过去价值标准

与现在价值标准统一起来，解决了成文法的尴尬。普通法的特点在于，通过将具体事实适

用于具体的法律条文中，使人们能够通过事实理解法律，通过法律去评价事实，筑就了沟

通法律与事实之间的桥梁。

通过判例可以迅速灵活地反映社会发展对法律调整提出的不同要求，及时确立合乎社

会需要的法律规范。成文法考虑的是立法时的社会价值标准，而不是案件发生时的社会价

值标准，因此，只要法律没有改变，不管现实的价值标准同立法时的价值标准发生怎样的

冲突，都只能依照法律的规定处理案件。

再次，普通法可以使人们精确预测自身行为的法律后果。普通法有利于不断总结审判

经验。

当然普通法也有缺点。首先，普通法由法官创立，在民主性上有着先天的缺陷的。普

通法将创制法律的权利交给了法官,法官既是立法者,又是执法者,这同西方国家的“三权分

立”的理论实际上是相悖的。同理,普通法的形成依赖于个别法官的智慧,尽管他们的法官往

往都被看做是公平、正义的化身,但是不可回避的事实是法官也会错误的判断,创制出了错误

的判例。正是基于这一原因,在普通法国家必须实行违宪审查制度。

成文法的优点：

首先成文法具有学理性、系统性、确定性、内部和谐一致；

其次成文法具有唯理性、合理性、逻辑性；

第三成文法具备完整、清晰和逻辑严密；

第四成文法统一和集中，便于理解和运用；

第五成文法法律规则明确，易于掌握和适用，易于保障裁判的统一和公正，对法官素

质的要求相对较低；

成文法的缺点：首先成文法缺乏灵活性和具体的妥当性；

2其次成文法的运作与法律制定相分离，消极适用；

第三成文法司法与立法的分离不利于判决；

4第四成文法割裂了立法与司法间的内在联系，限制法官的主观能动精神，使法官形

同一般官僚，成为依法操作的工匠；

最后成文法在法律规则灵活性较小；

Common advantages:

First, the coordination of the common law help maintain the unity and

authority of the law. Common law is the law created by judges, but not arbitrarily

created, but in a series conducted under the principle of restraint, in particular

through the principle of strict precedent case law to maintain the coordination.

The formation of higher court precedent for the lower courts to decide cases in a

"model", strict and careful adherence to precedent results, resulting in different

rules of law between the uniform application of the court.

Second, the common law can maintain stability and continuity of the law.

Common law cases will be judged in the past and the present value of the standard

values unite to resolve the statute of embarrassment. The characteristics of the

common law is applied by the specific facts of specific legal provisions so that

people would clearly understand the law, through the law to evaluate the facts,

building on the communication bridge between law and fact.

Case quickly through the flexible adjustment to reflect the social development

of the different requirements of the law, in a timely manner in line with community

needs to establish legal norms. Statute to consider the legislation of social values,

not the case occurred when the social values, so that the law does not change,

regardless of actual value of the standard values with the legislation of the kind of

conflict occurs, can only be in accordance with the law provides case.

Again, the common law allows people to accurately predict the legal

consequences of their actions. Common law to the continuous summary trial

experience.

Of course, the common law has its drawbacks. First, the common law created

by judges in a democratic share of congenital defects. Common law right to

initiate legislation to the judge, the judge is legislators, but also law enforcement,

with the Western countries that "separation of powers" theory is actually contrary.

Similarly, the formation of the common law depends on the wisdom of individual

judges, although judges often they are seen as fair, the embodiment of justice, but

can not avoid the fact that the judges will be wrong to judge, created out of the

wrong case. It is for this reason, in common law countries must implement the

constitutional review system.

Statute of advantages:

First of all, learn statute has a rational, systematic, deterministic, internal

harmony;

Second statute is the only rational, reasonable and logical;

The third statute with complete, clear and rigorous logic;

Unified and centralized the fourth statute, easy to understand and use;

Fifth rule of law statute clear, easy to grasp and apply, easy to protect the

referee's uniform and fair, and relatively low demands on the quality of judges;

Statute's shortcomings: first, the lack of flexibility and specific statutes

appropriateness;

2 Second, the operation of statutory law and legal development of phase

separation, the negative applied;

The third statute separation of judicial and legislative decision is not favorable;

4 Fourth statute separates the legislative and judicial ties between the inner

limit the dynamic spirit of the judge's subjective, so the judge just like the general

bureaucracy, to become artisans operate according to law;

Finally statute flexibility in the rule of law less。

2024年5月6日发(作者：何海白)

普通法优点:

首先，普通法的协调性有助于维护法律的统一性与权威性。普通法是由法官创制的法

律,但并非任意创造的,而是在一系列原则的约束下进行的,特别是通过严格的先例原则保持

了判例法的协调性。上级法院判决形成的先例为下级法院判案的“模范”,严格而谨慎地遵

守先例的结果,造成了法律规则在各个不同法院间的统一适用。

其次，普通法可以保持法律的稳定性和连续性。普通法将对案件判断的过去价值标准

与现在价值标准统一起来，解决了成文法的尴尬。普通法的特点在于，通过将具体事实适

用于具体的法律条文中，使人们能够通过事实理解法律，通过法律去评价事实，筑就了沟

通法律与事实之间的桥梁。

通过判例可以迅速灵活地反映社会发展对法律调整提出的不同要求，及时确立合乎社

会需要的法律规范。成文法考虑的是立法时的社会价值标准，而不是案件发生时的社会价

值标准，因此，只要法律没有改变，不管现实的价值标准同立法时的价值标准发生怎样的

冲突，都只能依照法律的规定处理案件。

再次，普通法可以使人们精确预测自身行为的法律后果。普通法有利于不断总结审判

经验。

当然普通法也有缺点。首先，普通法由法官创立，在民主性上有着先天的缺陷的。普

通法将创制法律的权利交给了法官,法官既是立法者,又是执法者,这同西方国家的“三权分

立”的理论实际上是相悖的。同理,普通法的形成依赖于个别法官的智慧,尽管他们的法官往

往都被看做是公平、正义的化身,但是不可回避的事实是法官也会错误的判断,创制出了错误

的判例。正是基于这一原因,在普通法国家必须实行违宪审查制度。

成文法的优点：

首先成文法具有学理性、系统性、确定性、内部和谐一致；

其次成文法具有唯理性、合理性、逻辑性；

第三成文法具备完整、清晰和逻辑严密；

第四成文法统一和集中，便于理解和运用；

第五成文法法律规则明确，易于掌握和适用，易于保障裁判的统一和公正，对法官素

质的要求相对较低；

成文法的缺点：首先成文法缺乏灵活性和具体的妥当性；

2其次成文法的运作与法律制定相分离，消极适用；

第三成文法司法与立法的分离不利于判决；

4第四成文法割裂了立法与司法间的内在联系，限制法官的主观能动精神，使法官形

同一般官僚，成为依法操作的工匠；

最后成文法在法律规则灵活性较小；

Common advantages:

First, the coordination of the common law help maintain the unity and

authority of the law. Common law is the law created by judges, but not arbitrarily

created, but in a series conducted under the principle of restraint, in particular

through the principle of strict precedent case law to maintain the coordination.

The formation of higher court precedent for the lower courts to decide cases in a

"model", strict and careful adherence to precedent results, resulting in different

rules of law between the uniform application of the court.

Second, the common law can maintain stability and continuity of the law.

Common law cases will be judged in the past and the present value of the standard

values unite to resolve the statute of embarrassment. The characteristics of the

common law is applied by the specific facts of specific legal provisions so that

people would clearly understand the law, through the law to evaluate the facts,

building on the communication bridge between law and fact.

Case quickly through the flexible adjustment to reflect the social development

of the different requirements of the law, in a timely manner in line with community

needs to establish legal norms. Statute to consider the legislation of social values,

not the case occurred when the social values, so that the law does not change,

regardless of actual value of the standard values with the legislation of the kind of

conflict occurs, can only be in accordance with the law provides case.

Again, the common law allows people to accurately predict the legal

consequences of their actions. Common law to the continuous summary trial

experience.

Of course, the common law has its drawbacks. First, the common law created

by judges in a democratic share of congenital defects. Common law right to

initiate legislation to the judge, the judge is legislators, but also law enforcement,

with the Western countries that "separation of powers" theory is actually contrary.

Similarly, the formation of the common law depends on the wisdom of individual

judges, although judges often they are seen as fair, the embodiment of justice, but

can not avoid the fact that the judges will be wrong to judge, created out of the

wrong case. It is for this reason, in common law countries must implement the

constitutional review system.

Statute of advantages:

First of all, learn statute has a rational, systematic, deterministic, internal

harmony;

Second statute is the only rational, reasonable and logical;

The third statute with complete, clear and rigorous logic;

Unified and centralized the fourth statute, easy to understand and use;

Fifth rule of law statute clear, easy to grasp and apply, easy to protect the

referee's uniform and fair, and relatively low demands on the quality of judges;

Statute's shortcomings: first, the lack of flexibility and specific statutes

appropriateness;

2 Second, the operation of statutory law and legal development of phase

separation, the negative applied;

The third statute separation of judicial and legislative decision is not favorable;

4 Fourth statute separates the legislative and judicial ties between the inner

limit the dynamic spirit of the judge's subjective, so the judge just like the general

bureaucracy, to become artisans operate according to law;

Finally statute flexibility in the rule of law less。