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免疫抑制剂 FK506所致血糖升高副作用的机制研究

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2024年5月18日发(作者:凤丝)

免疫抑制剂 FK506所致血糖升高副作用的机制研究

张玲;陈必成;孙萌;史波;唐丽丽;吴存造;蔡勇;夏鹏;郑少玲;杨亦荣

【摘 要】目的:探讨FK506对血糖调节的副作用,并研究其机制。方法:健康

SD大鼠12只,随机分为2组:对照组(生理盐水,1 mL· kg -1· d-1)、给药组

(FK506,1 mg· kg-1· d-1)。每天监测体重,每2 d测空腹血糖。在第15天

取脂肪组织,实时荧光定量PCR检测脂联素(adiponectin)、瘦素(leptin)、

内酯素(visfatin)、抵抗素(resistin)、视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)及氧化物

酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)mRNA的表达;Western blotting 检测

PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白的表达。结果:第10天开始,给药组大鼠空腹血糖逐渐升

高,显著高于对照组( P<0.05);第14天,给药组空腹血糖由(5.10±0.62)

mmol/L升到(7.73±0.73) mmol/L,对照组空腹血糖无明显变化;与对照组相

比,给药组大鼠脂肪组织adiponectin和leptin mRNA的表达量显著降低(P<

0.01),而visfatin、resis-tin和RBP4 mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05);与

对照组相比,给药组脂肪组织PPAR-γmRNA表达量降低(P<0.01);与对照组

相比,给药组脂肪组织PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白表达量明显降低(P<0.01)。结

论:FK506可能通过抑制PPAR-γ的表达,影响脂肪因子的表达,影响血

糖。%[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofimmunosuppressantFK506o

nserumglucoseinratsandtoex-plore its mechanism .METHODS: Sprague-

Dawley rats ( n =12 ) were randomly divided into drug group and normal

rats in drug group were intraperitoneally injected with FK 506 at

dose of 1 mg· kg-1 · d-1 and the rats in nor-mal group received saline (1

mL· kg-1 · d-1 , ip) for 14 fasting weight and fasting glucose were

regularly meas-ured every 2 al fat was isolated from the rats at the

end of experiment .The mRNA expression of adiponectin , lep-tin, visfatin,

resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 ( RBP4) and peroxisome proliferator-

activated receptors γ( PPAR-γ) was determined by real-time fluorescence

quantitative PCR .The protein expression of PPAR-γand adiponectin was

measured by Western blotting .RESULTS:Compared with normal group ,

the concentration of fasting blood glucose in model group was

significantly increased from the 10th day (P<0.05).At day 14, the fasting

blood glucose of the model group increased from (5.10 ±0.62) mmol/L to

(7.73 ±0.73) mmol/ significant change of blood glucose in normal

group between the 10th day and the 14th day [from (4.66 ±0.32) mmol/L

to (5.80 ±0.10) mmol/L] was ed with normal group , the

mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue

of model group was signifi-cantly decreased ( P <0.01 ) , whereas the

expression of visfatin , resistin and RBP4 was significantly increased ( P

<0.05).Compared with normal group, the expression of PPAR-γand

adiponectin in model group was decreased (P <0.01).CONCLUSION:FK506

may decrease the expression of PPAR-γto change the expression of

adipocytokines and induce hyperglycemia in rats .

【期刊名称】《中国病理生理杂志》

【年(卷),期】2014(000)008

【总页数】5页(P1363-1367)

【关键词】FK506;血糖;氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ;脂肪因子

【作 者】张玲;陈必成;孙萌;史波;唐丽丽;吴存造;蔡勇;夏鹏;郑少玲;杨亦荣

【作者单位】温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属

第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温

州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江

温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属

第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温

州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江

温州325000

【正文语种】中 文

【中图分类】R363

移植术后糖尿病(post-transplantation diabetes mellitus,PTDM)是实体脏器移

植后常见的并发症之一,严重影响移植受者的长期生存率及移植脏器的存活率。据

报道,PTDM的发病率因移植脏器的不同而有所差别,范围波动在4%~50%[1]。

大量研究表明[2],免疫调节剂钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(calcineurin inhibitor, CaNI)的

大量运用是PTDM的重要危险因素之一。临床常用的CaNI以FK506和环孢霉素

A(cyclosporin A, CsA)为主, 且FK506比CsA更易诱导PTDM[3]。目前,多数

基础研究主要关注FK506对胰岛细胞的损伤及胰岛素分泌的影响。也有研究表明

[4-5],使用CaNI的移植术后患者早期血胰岛素水平普遍会高于正常组。FK506

作为胰岛移植术后最常用的免疫抑制剂之一,其诱导PTDM的机制存在矛盾之处。

本研究通过建立动物模型,尝试阐述FK506对大鼠脂肪因子分泌谱及其关键信号

通路PPAR-γ的影响,以进一步揭示FK506诱导糖耐量损伤的机制。

材 料 和 方 法

1 材料及设备

FK506(国药准字J20090142)购于安斯泰来制药(中国)有限公司;生理盐水购于上

海丽臣生物科技有限公司;水合氯醛购于上海京索来宝生物科技有限公司;血糖仪

及血糖试纸购于长沙三诺生物传感股份有限公司;Trizol试剂购于Gibco;逆转录

试剂盒和SYBR Green I荧光定量试剂盒购自东洋纺(上海)生物科技有限公司;实

时荧光定量PCR所用引物由上海生工生物技术有限公司合成(引物序列见表1);

PPAR-γ、adiponectin、GAPDH兔抗大鼠Ⅰ抗以及辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗

兔IgG Ⅱ抗购于Abcam;所用荧光定量PCR仪ABI7500购于ABI。

表1 实时荧光定量PCR引物序列Table 1. The primer sequences for real-time

fluorescence quantitative PCR NameForward primer (5’-3’) Reverse

primer (5’-3’)Product (bp)PPAR-

γGGACCTCTCTGTGATGGATGAGCTCTTGTGAACGGGATGT114AdiponectinC

CTCCACCCAAGGAAACTTACCAAGAACACCTGCGTCTC138LeptinCCTGTGGC

TTTGGTCCTATCATACCGACTGCGTGTGTGAA128ResistinGCCAGTGCGGAAG

CATAGACTGTATTTCCAGACCCTCATCTCGTTT189VisfatinAGCGGCAGAGCAC

AGTAACCTATCCACAGACACAGGCACTGATGA186RBP4TGGTATGCCATCGC

CAAATCCCAGTTGCTCAGAAGACG134

2 动物分组与模型制备

雄性SD大鼠12只,9周龄,购于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,动物许

可证号为SCXK(京)2012-0001,初始体重为(188.65±12.71)g,血糖

(4.86±0.44)mmol/L。动物饲养环境:温度(22±2) ℃,保持通风,自然昼夜节律

变化,相对湿度40%~60%。给予动物标准饲料,1只1笼喂养。

大鼠适应性喂养1周后,随机分为2组(每组6只)。给药组大鼠给予腹腔注射1

mg·kg-1·d-1 FK506 (1 mg溶于2 mL生理盐水);对照组大鼠给予腹腔注射1

mL·kg-1·d-1生理盐水。在禁食不禁水8 h后,每天测空腹体重1次。用药后,

用大鼠固定器固定大鼠,断尾取血,每2 d测空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,

FBG)。

3 标本的留取与保存

给药第15天,禁食8 h后,给予10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉(0.3 mL/kg),固定,

消毒。经下腔静脉放血后,取大鼠腹腔内脏脂肪及附睾脂肪组织,以预冷生理盐水

冲洗干净,滤纸吸干水份后放入冻存管,迅速转入液氮降温,-80 ℃长期保存。

4 实时荧光定量PCR方法检测靶基因表达情况

用 Trizol试剂盒提取给药组和对照组大鼠脂肪组织的总RNA。参照逆转录试剂盒

说明书,吸取2 μg RNA样本在10 μL体系中进行逆转录反应。取逆转录产物1

μL进行PCR扩增, PCR扩增体系为:5 μL荧光定量染料2×SYBR荧光定量试剂、

2 μL引物(上、下游各1 μL)、2 μL Plus反应液、1 μL cDNA。检测靶基因包括:

氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

γ,PPAR-γ)、脂联素 (adiponectin)、抵抗素 (resistin)、瘦素 (leptin)、内酯素

(visfatin)、视黄醇结合蛋白4 (retinol-binding protein 4, RBP4)。扩增程序为:

95 ℃ 3 min后,进行95 ℃ 15 s,62 ℃ 15 s,72 ℃ 45 s,共40个循环扩增。

得到的Ct值用2-ΔΔCt法计算mRNA表达的变化(结果为倍数关系)。

5 Western blotting法检测靶蛋白表达情况

裂解液(RIPA)提取给药组与对照组大鼠脂肪组织蛋白。冻融后的脂肪组织100 mg

在冰上剪碎,加入1 mL 含1% PMSF的裂解液,作用60 min后吸取提取液;

12 000 r/min 离心30 min,取上清液测蛋白浓度;制备10%聚丙烯酰胺分离胶

和5%浓缩胶,样品5×SDS上样缓冲液, 设置恒压100 V, 电泳60 min;设置恒

流350 mA,湿法电转移(脂联素30 min,PPAR-γ 55 min), 转膜后的PVDF膜

经5% TBST脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h;然后加Ⅰ抗(稀释在Ⅰ抗稀释液中),4 ℃孵育

过夜,加入相应种属Ⅱ抗,室温孵育1.5 h,ECL发光液孵育膜5 min,暗室压片

曝光,显影定影后胶片保存。

6 统计学处理

数据以均数±标准差(mean±SD)表示, 采用Microsoft Excel 2003统计软件进行

单因素方差分析和IBM SPSS Statistics 19统计软件进行重复测量设计的方差分

析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结 果

1 一般情况及大鼠体重的变化

在观察时间内,大鼠活动正常,各组大鼠未出现死亡现象。2组大鼠在实验过程中

体重缓慢增加,第14天后2组大鼠体重无显著差异(P>0.05),见图1。可排除体

重对实验结果的影响。

Figure 1. The changes of body weight in the rats fasted for 8

±SD.n=6.图1 大鼠空腹体重的变化

2 2组大鼠FBG变化

在实验期间前10 d内,2组大鼠FBG值无明显差异,见图2。在第10天后,给

药组大鼠FBG趋势发生变化,第12天的空腹血糖首次大于7 mmol/L。第13天、

第15天连续监测FBG,给药组大鼠持续≥7 mmol/L,而对照组大鼠血糖始终

<6.5 mmol/L。给药组大鼠FBG显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组大鼠FBG无显

著变化(P>0.05)。

3 2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ mRNA的表达

2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ mRNA的表达差异显著(P<0.05)。给药组大鼠PPAR-

γ mRNA的表达量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),见图3。

Figure 2. The changes of fasting blood glucose in adult rats observed for 2

±SD.n=6.*P<0.05 vs normal.图2 大鼠空腹血糖的变化

Figure 3. The mRNA expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissues of the rats

treated with FK506 or saline (normal).Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05 vs normal.图

3 脂肪组织PPAR-γ mRNA的表达

4 2组大鼠脂肪因子mRNA表达的变化

与对照组相比,给药组大鼠脂联素的表达下降到20%,瘦素的表达下降到60%,

差异显著(P<0.05);而内酯素、抵抗素及RBP4的表达相对升高,分别升高至对照

组的3倍、2倍及1.6倍(P<0.05),见图4。

5 2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白的表达变化

2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白表达差异显著。与对照组相比,给药组大

鼠PPAR-γ蛋白的表达量下降到40%,脂联素下降到19%(P<0.05),见图5、6。

讨 论

FK506是目前在临床运用最为广泛的CaNI免疫抑制剂,主要通过

calcineurin/NFAT通路,抑制T细胞的免疫应答。目前,多数研究认为,PTDM

发生机制主要是FK506在抑制免疫反应的同时,也通过calcineurin/NFAT通路

作用于胰岛β细胞,抑制胰岛素的分泌[6]。也有体外研究表明,FK506可以作用

于脂肪细胞,参与下调PPAR-γ的表达[7]。本研究表明,与对照组相比,给予

FK506的大鼠FBG明显升高;内脏脂肪组织的PPAR-γ、脂联素及瘦素mRNA

的表达量降低,内酯素、抵抗素及RBP4 mRNA的表达量升高。通过本实验证实,

FK506能够调节脂肪组织中PPAR-γ及脂肪因子的表达。

Figure 4. The mRNA expression of adipocytokines in the rats fasted for 8 h

and treated with FK506 or ±SD.n=3.*P<0.05 vs normal.图4 脂

肪因子的表达

Figure 5. The expression of PPAR-γ detected by Western

±SD.n=3.*P<0.05 vs normal.图5 Western blotting 检测

PPAR-γ的表达

Figure 6. The expression of adiponectin detected by Western

±SD.n=3.*P<0.05 vs normal.图6 Western blotting 检测脂联素

的表达

早在2007年,Hernandez-Fisac等[8]用一定剂量的FK506成功建立PTDM大

鼠模型,来研究FK506对胰岛素基因表达的影响。本实验以此为参考,在排除大

鼠体重对实验的干扰下,得到的FK506大鼠FBG明显高于对照组。这充分说明,

FK506是影响大鼠空腹血糖变化及胰岛素对血糖变化调节能力的独立因素。

FK506对血糖的影响,不仅仅是因为抑制胰岛素的分泌,也有可能是诱导了胰岛

素抵抗。有研究证实[5]胰岛素抵抗存在于PTDM患者血糖升高之前,并贯穿全过

程。所以,胰岛素抵抗可能是PTDM的始发因素。因为,胰岛素抵抗容易引起胰

岛素的积聚,高浓度的胰岛素会降低胰腺β细胞对血糖的敏感性,引起血糖升高。

而高血糖会抑制胰腺细胞的增殖,导致胰岛素分泌不足,最终共同引起血糖的升高。

所以,FK506可能首先影响的是胰岛素对血糖的调节能力,最终导致血糖变化。

目前,PPAR-γ在脂肪组织的胰岛素抵抗方面起到了重要作用。研究表明[9],

PPAR-γ主要与调节脂肪组织脂肪因子分泌有关。脂肪因子是脂肪组织分泌的一类

细胞因子,可以直接作用于胰岛素信号通路,调节血糖水平,可以改善胰岛素抵抗。

脂肪因子主要包括:脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素、内酯素和RBP4等。其中,脂联素具

有增加脂肪酸氧化、提高葡萄糖摄取量、改善胰岛素抵抗和抗炎的作用,具有胰岛

素增敏作用。人体实验证明[10]脂联素与机体胰岛素敏感性之间有很强的相关性。

瘦素可以抑制下丘脑的进食中枢,减少食物的摄取量,促进能量的消耗。但是,抵

抗素、内酯素及RBP4可以抑制细胞对葡萄糖的摄取,诱导高血糖状态及胰岛素抵

抗。从本实验也可以看出,空腹血糖较高的 FK506处理大鼠,脂联素及瘦素表达

明显降低,而抵抗素、内酯素及RBP4明显升高。同时,又有研究表明PTDM患

者血清脂联素低于正常[11],而高水平脂联素对PTDM起到了很好的保护作用。

所以,FK506对脂肪因子的调变作用可以影响血糖的变化。

目前,普遍认为脂肪因子的分泌主要与脂肪组织上的PPAR-γ通路有关。激活的

PPAR-γ,与维甲酸类受体或糖皮质激素受体形成异二聚体,结合于特异性的

DNA序列而使得靶基因激活,从而发挥转录调控脂肪因子分泌的作用。多数文献

报道,PPAR-γ激动剂促进脂联素[12]及瘦素分泌[13],抑制抵抗素及内酯素分泌,

改善胰岛素抵抗。本实验也发现:FK506处理大鼠PPAR-γ表达量明显降低,同

时出现了脂联素、瘦素的表达降低和内酯素、抵抗素的表达明显升高,影响了正常

的血糖调节机制,导致FBG明显升高。可以看出,PPAR-γ与脂肪因子的表达有着

明显的一致性。FK506可以通过抑制PPAR-γ的表达,影响脂肪因子的分泌,诱

导糖耐受损伤。

研究表明,leptin的表达与胰岛素的抵抗呈正向关系[14],高浓度的leptin可能

会抑制脂肪细胞PPAR-γ的表达[15-16]。这可能是与岛素的抵抗程度及研究的组

织有关系,也说明PPAR-γ及leptin之间存在负反馈调节,具体机制有待进一步

研究。

[参 考 文 献]

[1] Montori VM, Basu A, Erwin PJ, et al. Posttransplantation diabetes: a

systematic review of the literature[J]. Diabetes Care, 2002, 25(3):583-592.

[2] Roland M, Gatault P, Doute C, et al. Immunosuppressive medications,

clinical and metabolic parameters in new-onset diabetes mellitus after

kidney transplantation[J]. Transpl Int, 2008, 21(6):523-530.

[3] Chien YS, Chen YT, Chuang CH, et al. Incidence and risk factors of new-

onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation[J]. Transplant Proc, 2008,

40(7):2409-2411.

[4] Sahay M, Sahay RK, Narayan G, et al. New-onset diabetes after

transplantation - Role of oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis and

study of risk factors[J]. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2013, 24(5):897-902.

[5] 王 振,石炳毅,郑慧丽,等. 肾移植术后糖尿病的发病机制[J].中国医学科学院

学报,2009,31(3):292-295.

[6] Heit JJ, Apelqvist AA, Gu X, et al. Calcineurin/NFAT signalling regulates

pancreatic beta-cell growth and function[J]. Nature, 2006, 443(7109):345-

349.

[7] Holowachuk EW. Nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription

proteins regulate genes involved in adipocyte metabolism and lipolysis[J].

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007, 361(2): 427-432.

[8] Hernandez-Fisac I, Pizarro-Delgado J, Calle C, et al. Tacrolimus-induced

diabetes in rats courses with suppressed insulin gene expression in

pancreatic islets[J]. Am J Transplant, 2007, 7(11):2455-2462.

[9] Terauchi Y, Kadowaki T. PPAR and diabetes[J]. Nihon Rinsho, 2005,

63(4): 623-629.

[10] Yadav A, Kataria MA, Saini V, et al. Role of leptin and adiponectin in

insulin resistance[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2013, 417:80-84.

[11] Bayes B, Lauzurica R, Granada ML, et al. Adiponectin and risk of new-

onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation[J]. Transplantation,

2004, 78(1): 26-30.

[12] Chen L, He T, Han Y, et al. Pentamethylquercetin improves adiponectin

expression in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells via a mechanism that implicates

PPARgamma together with TNF-alpha and IL-6[J]. Molecules, 2011, 16(7):

5754-5768.

[13] Bastard JP, Hainque B, Dusserre E, et al. Peroxisome proliferator

activated receptor-gamma, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA

expression during very low calorie diet in subcutaneous adipose tissue in

obese women[J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 1999, 15(2): 92-98.

[14] Silha JV, Krsek M, Skrha JV, et al. Plasma resistin, adiponectin and

leptin levels in lean and obese subjects: correlations with insulin

resistance[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2003, 149(4):331-335.

[15] Rhee SD, Sung YY, Jung WH, et al. Leptin inhibits rosiglitazone-

induced adipogenesis in murine primary adipocytes[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol,

2008, 294(1-2): 61-69.

[16] Cabrero A, Cubero M, Llaverias G, et al. Leptin down-regulates

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) mRNA

levels in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages[J]. Mol Cell

Biochem, 2005, 275(1-2):173-179.

2024年5月18日发(作者:凤丝)

免疫抑制剂 FK506所致血糖升高副作用的机制研究

张玲;陈必成;孙萌;史波;唐丽丽;吴存造;蔡勇;夏鹏;郑少玲;杨亦荣

【摘 要】目的:探讨FK506对血糖调节的副作用,并研究其机制。方法:健康

SD大鼠12只,随机分为2组:对照组(生理盐水,1 mL· kg -1· d-1)、给药组

(FK506,1 mg· kg-1· d-1)。每天监测体重,每2 d测空腹血糖。在第15天

取脂肪组织,实时荧光定量PCR检测脂联素(adiponectin)、瘦素(leptin)、

内酯素(visfatin)、抵抗素(resistin)、视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)及氧化物

酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)mRNA的表达;Western blotting 检测

PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白的表达。结果:第10天开始,给药组大鼠空腹血糖逐渐升

高,显著高于对照组( P<0.05);第14天,给药组空腹血糖由(5.10±0.62)

mmol/L升到(7.73±0.73) mmol/L,对照组空腹血糖无明显变化;与对照组相

比,给药组大鼠脂肪组织adiponectin和leptin mRNA的表达量显著降低(P<

0.01),而visfatin、resis-tin和RBP4 mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05);与

对照组相比,给药组脂肪组织PPAR-γmRNA表达量降低(P<0.01);与对照组

相比,给药组脂肪组织PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白表达量明显降低(P<0.01)。结

论:FK506可能通过抑制PPAR-γ的表达,影响脂肪因子的表达,影响血

糖。%[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofimmunosuppressantFK506o

nserumglucoseinratsandtoex-plore its mechanism .METHODS: Sprague-

Dawley rats ( n =12 ) were randomly divided into drug group and normal

rats in drug group were intraperitoneally injected with FK 506 at

dose of 1 mg· kg-1 · d-1 and the rats in nor-mal group received saline (1

mL· kg-1 · d-1 , ip) for 14 fasting weight and fasting glucose were

regularly meas-ured every 2 al fat was isolated from the rats at the

end of experiment .The mRNA expression of adiponectin , lep-tin, visfatin,

resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 ( RBP4) and peroxisome proliferator-

activated receptors γ( PPAR-γ) was determined by real-time fluorescence

quantitative PCR .The protein expression of PPAR-γand adiponectin was

measured by Western blotting .RESULTS:Compared with normal group ,

the concentration of fasting blood glucose in model group was

significantly increased from the 10th day (P<0.05).At day 14, the fasting

blood glucose of the model group increased from (5.10 ±0.62) mmol/L to

(7.73 ±0.73) mmol/ significant change of blood glucose in normal

group between the 10th day and the 14th day [from (4.66 ±0.32) mmol/L

to (5.80 ±0.10) mmol/L] was ed with normal group , the

mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue

of model group was signifi-cantly decreased ( P <0.01 ) , whereas the

expression of visfatin , resistin and RBP4 was significantly increased ( P

<0.05).Compared with normal group, the expression of PPAR-γand

adiponectin in model group was decreased (P <0.01).CONCLUSION:FK506

may decrease the expression of PPAR-γto change the expression of

adipocytokines and induce hyperglycemia in rats .

【期刊名称】《中国病理生理杂志》

【年(卷),期】2014(000)008

【总页数】5页(P1363-1367)

【关键词】FK506;血糖;氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ;脂肪因子

【作 者】张玲;陈必成;孙萌;史波;唐丽丽;吴存造;蔡勇;夏鹏;郑少玲;杨亦荣

【作者单位】温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属

第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温

州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江

温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属

第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温

州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江温州325000;温州医科大学附属第一医院,浙江

温州325000

【正文语种】中 文

【中图分类】R363

移植术后糖尿病(post-transplantation diabetes mellitus,PTDM)是实体脏器移

植后常见的并发症之一,严重影响移植受者的长期生存率及移植脏器的存活率。据

报道,PTDM的发病率因移植脏器的不同而有所差别,范围波动在4%~50%[1]。

大量研究表明[2],免疫调节剂钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(calcineurin inhibitor, CaNI)的

大量运用是PTDM的重要危险因素之一。临床常用的CaNI以FK506和环孢霉素

A(cyclosporin A, CsA)为主, 且FK506比CsA更易诱导PTDM[3]。目前,多数

基础研究主要关注FK506对胰岛细胞的损伤及胰岛素分泌的影响。也有研究表明

[4-5],使用CaNI的移植术后患者早期血胰岛素水平普遍会高于正常组。FK506

作为胰岛移植术后最常用的免疫抑制剂之一,其诱导PTDM的机制存在矛盾之处。

本研究通过建立动物模型,尝试阐述FK506对大鼠脂肪因子分泌谱及其关键信号

通路PPAR-γ的影响,以进一步揭示FK506诱导糖耐量损伤的机制。

材 料 和 方 法

1 材料及设备

FK506(国药准字J20090142)购于安斯泰来制药(中国)有限公司;生理盐水购于上

海丽臣生物科技有限公司;水合氯醛购于上海京索来宝生物科技有限公司;血糖仪

及血糖试纸购于长沙三诺生物传感股份有限公司;Trizol试剂购于Gibco;逆转录

试剂盒和SYBR Green I荧光定量试剂盒购自东洋纺(上海)生物科技有限公司;实

时荧光定量PCR所用引物由上海生工生物技术有限公司合成(引物序列见表1);

PPAR-γ、adiponectin、GAPDH兔抗大鼠Ⅰ抗以及辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗

兔IgG Ⅱ抗购于Abcam;所用荧光定量PCR仪ABI7500购于ABI。

表1 实时荧光定量PCR引物序列Table 1. The primer sequences for real-time

fluorescence quantitative PCR NameForward primer (5’-3’) Reverse

primer (5’-3’)Product (bp)PPAR-

γGGACCTCTCTGTGATGGATGAGCTCTTGTGAACGGGATGT114AdiponectinC

CTCCACCCAAGGAAACTTACCAAGAACACCTGCGTCTC138LeptinCCTGTGGC

TTTGGTCCTATCATACCGACTGCGTGTGTGAA128ResistinGCCAGTGCGGAAG

CATAGACTGTATTTCCAGACCCTCATCTCGTTT189VisfatinAGCGGCAGAGCAC

AGTAACCTATCCACAGACACAGGCACTGATGA186RBP4TGGTATGCCATCGC

CAAATCCCAGTTGCTCAGAAGACG134

2 动物分组与模型制备

雄性SD大鼠12只,9周龄,购于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,动物许

可证号为SCXK(京)2012-0001,初始体重为(188.65±12.71)g,血糖

(4.86±0.44)mmol/L。动物饲养环境:温度(22±2) ℃,保持通风,自然昼夜节律

变化,相对湿度40%~60%。给予动物标准饲料,1只1笼喂养。

大鼠适应性喂养1周后,随机分为2组(每组6只)。给药组大鼠给予腹腔注射1

mg·kg-1·d-1 FK506 (1 mg溶于2 mL生理盐水);对照组大鼠给予腹腔注射1

mL·kg-1·d-1生理盐水。在禁食不禁水8 h后,每天测空腹体重1次。用药后,

用大鼠固定器固定大鼠,断尾取血,每2 d测空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,

FBG)。

3 标本的留取与保存

给药第15天,禁食8 h后,给予10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉(0.3 mL/kg),固定,

消毒。经下腔静脉放血后,取大鼠腹腔内脏脂肪及附睾脂肪组织,以预冷生理盐水

冲洗干净,滤纸吸干水份后放入冻存管,迅速转入液氮降温,-80 ℃长期保存。

4 实时荧光定量PCR方法检测靶基因表达情况

用 Trizol试剂盒提取给药组和对照组大鼠脂肪组织的总RNA。参照逆转录试剂盒

说明书,吸取2 μg RNA样本在10 μL体系中进行逆转录反应。取逆转录产物1

μL进行PCR扩增, PCR扩增体系为:5 μL荧光定量染料2×SYBR荧光定量试剂、

2 μL引物(上、下游各1 μL)、2 μL Plus反应液、1 μL cDNA。检测靶基因包括:

氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

γ,PPAR-γ)、脂联素 (adiponectin)、抵抗素 (resistin)、瘦素 (leptin)、内酯素

(visfatin)、视黄醇结合蛋白4 (retinol-binding protein 4, RBP4)。扩增程序为:

95 ℃ 3 min后,进行95 ℃ 15 s,62 ℃ 15 s,72 ℃ 45 s,共40个循环扩增。

得到的Ct值用2-ΔΔCt法计算mRNA表达的变化(结果为倍数关系)。

5 Western blotting法检测靶蛋白表达情况

裂解液(RIPA)提取给药组与对照组大鼠脂肪组织蛋白。冻融后的脂肪组织100 mg

在冰上剪碎,加入1 mL 含1% PMSF的裂解液,作用60 min后吸取提取液;

12 000 r/min 离心30 min,取上清液测蛋白浓度;制备10%聚丙烯酰胺分离胶

和5%浓缩胶,样品5×SDS上样缓冲液, 设置恒压100 V, 电泳60 min;设置恒

流350 mA,湿法电转移(脂联素30 min,PPAR-γ 55 min), 转膜后的PVDF膜

经5% TBST脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h;然后加Ⅰ抗(稀释在Ⅰ抗稀释液中),4 ℃孵育

过夜,加入相应种属Ⅱ抗,室温孵育1.5 h,ECL发光液孵育膜5 min,暗室压片

曝光,显影定影后胶片保存。

6 统计学处理

数据以均数±标准差(mean±SD)表示, 采用Microsoft Excel 2003统计软件进行

单因素方差分析和IBM SPSS Statistics 19统计软件进行重复测量设计的方差分

析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结 果

1 一般情况及大鼠体重的变化

在观察时间内,大鼠活动正常,各组大鼠未出现死亡现象。2组大鼠在实验过程中

体重缓慢增加,第14天后2组大鼠体重无显著差异(P>0.05),见图1。可排除体

重对实验结果的影响。

Figure 1. The changes of body weight in the rats fasted for 8

±SD.n=6.图1 大鼠空腹体重的变化

2 2组大鼠FBG变化

在实验期间前10 d内,2组大鼠FBG值无明显差异,见图2。在第10天后,给

药组大鼠FBG趋势发生变化,第12天的空腹血糖首次大于7 mmol/L。第13天、

第15天连续监测FBG,给药组大鼠持续≥7 mmol/L,而对照组大鼠血糖始终

<6.5 mmol/L。给药组大鼠FBG显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组大鼠FBG无显

著变化(P>0.05)。

3 2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ mRNA的表达

2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ mRNA的表达差异显著(P<0.05)。给药组大鼠PPAR-

γ mRNA的表达量明显低于对照组(P<0.05),见图3。

Figure 2. The changes of fasting blood glucose in adult rats observed for 2

±SD.n=6.*P<0.05 vs normal.图2 大鼠空腹血糖的变化

Figure 3. The mRNA expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissues of the rats

treated with FK506 or saline (normal).Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05 vs normal.图

3 脂肪组织PPAR-γ mRNA的表达

4 2组大鼠脂肪因子mRNA表达的变化

与对照组相比,给药组大鼠脂联素的表达下降到20%,瘦素的表达下降到60%,

差异显著(P<0.05);而内酯素、抵抗素及RBP4的表达相对升高,分别升高至对照

组的3倍、2倍及1.6倍(P<0.05),见图4。

5 2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白的表达变化

2组大鼠脂肪组织PPAR-γ及脂联素蛋白表达差异显著。与对照组相比,给药组大

鼠PPAR-γ蛋白的表达量下降到40%,脂联素下降到19%(P<0.05),见图5、6。

讨 论

FK506是目前在临床运用最为广泛的CaNI免疫抑制剂,主要通过

calcineurin/NFAT通路,抑制T细胞的免疫应答。目前,多数研究认为,PTDM

发生机制主要是FK506在抑制免疫反应的同时,也通过calcineurin/NFAT通路

作用于胰岛β细胞,抑制胰岛素的分泌[6]。也有体外研究表明,FK506可以作用

于脂肪细胞,参与下调PPAR-γ的表达[7]。本研究表明,与对照组相比,给予

FK506的大鼠FBG明显升高;内脏脂肪组织的PPAR-γ、脂联素及瘦素mRNA

的表达量降低,内酯素、抵抗素及RBP4 mRNA的表达量升高。通过本实验证实,

FK506能够调节脂肪组织中PPAR-γ及脂肪因子的表达。

Figure 4. The mRNA expression of adipocytokines in the rats fasted for 8 h

and treated with FK506 or ±SD.n=3.*P<0.05 vs normal.图4 脂

肪因子的表达

Figure 5. The expression of PPAR-γ detected by Western

±SD.n=3.*P<0.05 vs normal.图5 Western blotting 检测

PPAR-γ的表达

Figure 6. The expression of adiponectin detected by Western

±SD.n=3.*P<0.05 vs normal.图6 Western blotting 检测脂联素

的表达

早在2007年,Hernandez-Fisac等[8]用一定剂量的FK506成功建立PTDM大

鼠模型,来研究FK506对胰岛素基因表达的影响。本实验以此为参考,在排除大

鼠体重对实验的干扰下,得到的FK506大鼠FBG明显高于对照组。这充分说明,

FK506是影响大鼠空腹血糖变化及胰岛素对血糖变化调节能力的独立因素。

FK506对血糖的影响,不仅仅是因为抑制胰岛素的分泌,也有可能是诱导了胰岛

素抵抗。有研究证实[5]胰岛素抵抗存在于PTDM患者血糖升高之前,并贯穿全过

程。所以,胰岛素抵抗可能是PTDM的始发因素。因为,胰岛素抵抗容易引起胰

岛素的积聚,高浓度的胰岛素会降低胰腺β细胞对血糖的敏感性,引起血糖升高。

而高血糖会抑制胰腺细胞的增殖,导致胰岛素分泌不足,最终共同引起血糖的升高。

所以,FK506可能首先影响的是胰岛素对血糖的调节能力,最终导致血糖变化。

目前,PPAR-γ在脂肪组织的胰岛素抵抗方面起到了重要作用。研究表明[9],

PPAR-γ主要与调节脂肪组织脂肪因子分泌有关。脂肪因子是脂肪组织分泌的一类

细胞因子,可以直接作用于胰岛素信号通路,调节血糖水平,可以改善胰岛素抵抗。

脂肪因子主要包括:脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素、内酯素和RBP4等。其中,脂联素具

有增加脂肪酸氧化、提高葡萄糖摄取量、改善胰岛素抵抗和抗炎的作用,具有胰岛

素增敏作用。人体实验证明[10]脂联素与机体胰岛素敏感性之间有很强的相关性。

瘦素可以抑制下丘脑的进食中枢,减少食物的摄取量,促进能量的消耗。但是,抵

抗素、内酯素及RBP4可以抑制细胞对葡萄糖的摄取,诱导高血糖状态及胰岛素抵

抗。从本实验也可以看出,空腹血糖较高的 FK506处理大鼠,脂联素及瘦素表达

明显降低,而抵抗素、内酯素及RBP4明显升高。同时,又有研究表明PTDM患

者血清脂联素低于正常[11],而高水平脂联素对PTDM起到了很好的保护作用。

所以,FK506对脂肪因子的调变作用可以影响血糖的变化。

目前,普遍认为脂肪因子的分泌主要与脂肪组织上的PPAR-γ通路有关。激活的

PPAR-γ,与维甲酸类受体或糖皮质激素受体形成异二聚体,结合于特异性的

DNA序列而使得靶基因激活,从而发挥转录调控脂肪因子分泌的作用。多数文献

报道,PPAR-γ激动剂促进脂联素[12]及瘦素分泌[13],抑制抵抗素及内酯素分泌,

改善胰岛素抵抗。本实验也发现:FK506处理大鼠PPAR-γ表达量明显降低,同

时出现了脂联素、瘦素的表达降低和内酯素、抵抗素的表达明显升高,影响了正常

的血糖调节机制,导致FBG明显升高。可以看出,PPAR-γ与脂肪因子的表达有着

明显的一致性。FK506可以通过抑制PPAR-γ的表达,影响脂肪因子的分泌,诱

导糖耐受损伤。

研究表明,leptin的表达与胰岛素的抵抗呈正向关系[14],高浓度的leptin可能

会抑制脂肪细胞PPAR-γ的表达[15-16]。这可能是与岛素的抵抗程度及研究的组

织有关系,也说明PPAR-γ及leptin之间存在负反馈调节,具体机制有待进一步

研究。

[参 考 文 献]

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[10] Yadav A, Kataria MA, Saini V, et al. Role of leptin and adiponectin in

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[11] Bayes B, Lauzurica R, Granada ML, et al. Adiponectin and risk of new-

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[12] Chen L, He T, Han Y, et al. Pentamethylquercetin improves adiponectin

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[13] Bastard JP, Hainque B, Dusserre E, et al. Peroxisome proliferator

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File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1717349484)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1717349484)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1717414967)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1717414967)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1718140687)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1718140687)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1723421232)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1723421232)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1723527166)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1723527166)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1724932051)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1724932051)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1726214641)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1726214641)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1726555465)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1726555465)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1726981520)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1726981520)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1729057940)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1729057940)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1730052146)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1730052146)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
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