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酒精发酵过程操作要点全套

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2024年4月7日发(作者:古韦)

酒精发酵过程操作要点全套

酒精发酵过程操作要点。酒精发酵工艺有间歇式、半连续式和连续式发 酵。

①发酵前期,发酵前期在糖化醪进入发酵罐并与酒精酵母混合开始,酵 母

细胞密度还比较低,酵母经过短期适应后开始繁殖。由于此时醪液中 含有

一定数量的溶解氧,醪液中各种营养成分比较充足,又不存在最终 产品酒

精的抑制,所以酵母繁殖迅速。这一阶段,由于酵母菌细胞密度 不高,发

酵作用不强,酒精和

C02

产生量很少,糖分消耗比较慢,发 酵醪表面显得

比较平静。

发酵前期的长短与酵母菌的接种量有关。如果接种量大,则发酵前期短; 反

则长。实际生产时酵母菌的接种量一般可达

10%

左右。发酵前 期发

酵作用并不强烈,故醪液温度上升不快。发酵醪液的温度应控制在

28~30°C , 6〜8h

。超过

30

o

C

z

容易引起酵母早衰

致使主发酵过程 早结

束,造成发酵不彻底。

②主发酵期,在主发酵期,酵母细胞已经完成了大量增殖,醪液中的酵 母

细胞数可达

108

∕mL

以上,主要进行酒精发酵。间歇发酵时,发 酵醪的

酒精度大于

12% (

体积分数)以上,酵母细胞的繁殖基本停止。 在主发

酵期,酵母代谢释放大量的热量,醪液的温度上升很快,应及时 采取冷却

措施。一般酒精厂都控制发酵温度不超过

34

o

C

o

主发酵期醪液中的糖分迅

速下降,酒精含量逐渐增多。从外观看,由于 大量的

C02

产生,带动醪液

上下翻动,并发出气泡破裂的响声。在间 歇发酵的主发酵阶段发酵醪液的

糖度下降速度一般为每小时下降

1%

。 在理论上,这相当于每升醪液每小

时发酵

8.47g

二糖,生成

5.58mL

4.43g

酒精,释放出

2.1L C02

L13kJ

热量。主发酵时间的长短取决 于发酵醪液所含的糖分,糖分高则主

发酵持续时间延长,反之则短。主 发酵期温度

34

C

以下,

12h

左右。

③后发酵期,在后发酵期,醪液中的糖分大部分已被酵母菌发酵,所以 酒

精和

C02

的生成量要少得多。从醪液表面看,虽然仍有气泡不断产 生,但

醪液不再上下翻动,醪液和固形物部分下沉。由于发酵作用减弱, 产热大

为减少,应注意控制醪液温度为

30~32

o

C

z

否则会影响后糖化 作用和淀粉

的酒精产率。以淀粉质原料生产酒精的后发酵阶段一般需要

40h

左右才能

完成,这是酒精发酵延续时间最长的阶段。为了提高设备 利用率和酒精的

发酵强度,采用强制循环等措施来强化后发酵是十分必 要的。

近年来高强度酒精发酵、细胞回用发酵、塔式发酵、透析膜发酵、固定 化

细胞发酵、萃取发酵、真空发酵、膜回收酒精发酵、中空纤维发酵、 固体

发酵等新技术均取得很大研究进展。

(6)

蒸储,酵母将醪液中的糖转化为酒精,除此之外,成熟醪液中还 含有许

多固形物及其他杂质。蒸储提纯即把成熟醪液中所含的酒精提取 出来,经

粗储与精储,最终得到合格的酒精,同时还含有杂醇油等副产 物,大量酒

糟被除去。

发酵成熟醪的成分随原料的种类、加工方式、菌种性能不同而不同,分 成

不挥发性成分和挥发性成分两大类。不挥发性成分包括甘油、琥珀酸、 乳

酸、脂肪酸、无机盐、酵母菌体、不发酵性及未发酵完全的糖、皮壳、 纤

维等。这这些成分易与酒精等挥发性成分分离。挥发性杂质共有

40

多种,

包括醇类、醛类、酸类和酯类等四大类,它们也随着酒精蒸储进 入粗酒精

中,除去这些杂质的过程在酒精生产工艺中称为精储。在精储 中,沸点比

酒精低的杂质先被蒸储出,称为中间杂质,包括乙醛、乙酸 乙酯和甲酸甲

酯等;有些比乙醇沸点高的杂质出现在蒸储尾中,呈油状 浮在液面,称为

尾级杂质,又称杂醇油。

淀粉质原料多采用三塔式蒸储流程,糖蜜原料多采用间接式液相过塔的 双

塔式蒸储流程,纤维质原料和亚硫酸盐纸浆废液多采用多塔式蒸储流 程。

2024年4月7日发(作者:古韦)

酒精发酵过程操作要点全套

酒精发酵过程操作要点。酒精发酵工艺有间歇式、半连续式和连续式发 酵。

①发酵前期,发酵前期在糖化醪进入发酵罐并与酒精酵母混合开始,酵 母

细胞密度还比较低,酵母经过短期适应后开始繁殖。由于此时醪液中 含有

一定数量的溶解氧,醪液中各种营养成分比较充足,又不存在最终 产品酒

精的抑制,所以酵母繁殖迅速。这一阶段,由于酵母菌细胞密度 不高,发

酵作用不强,酒精和

C02

产生量很少,糖分消耗比较慢,发 酵醪表面显得

比较平静。

发酵前期的长短与酵母菌的接种量有关。如果接种量大,则发酵前期短; 反

则长。实际生产时酵母菌的接种量一般可达

10%

左右。发酵前 期发

酵作用并不强烈,故醪液温度上升不快。发酵醪液的温度应控制在

28~30°C , 6〜8h

。超过

30

o

C

z

容易引起酵母早衰

致使主发酵过程 早结

束,造成发酵不彻底。

②主发酵期,在主发酵期,酵母细胞已经完成了大量增殖,醪液中的酵 母

细胞数可达

108

∕mL

以上,主要进行酒精发酵。间歇发酵时,发 酵醪的

酒精度大于

12% (

体积分数)以上,酵母细胞的繁殖基本停止。 在主发

酵期,酵母代谢释放大量的热量,醪液的温度上升很快,应及时 采取冷却

措施。一般酒精厂都控制发酵温度不超过

34

o

C

o

主发酵期醪液中的糖分迅

速下降,酒精含量逐渐增多。从外观看,由于 大量的

C02

产生,带动醪液

上下翻动,并发出气泡破裂的响声。在间 歇发酵的主发酵阶段发酵醪液的

糖度下降速度一般为每小时下降

1%

。 在理论上,这相当于每升醪液每小

时发酵

8.47g

二糖,生成

5.58mL

4.43g

酒精,释放出

2.1L C02

L13kJ

热量。主发酵时间的长短取决 于发酵醪液所含的糖分,糖分高则主

发酵持续时间延长,反之则短。主 发酵期温度

34

C

以下,

12h

左右。

③后发酵期,在后发酵期,醪液中的糖分大部分已被酵母菌发酵,所以 酒

精和

C02

的生成量要少得多。从醪液表面看,虽然仍有气泡不断产 生,但

醪液不再上下翻动,醪液和固形物部分下沉。由于发酵作用减弱, 产热大

为减少,应注意控制醪液温度为

30~32

o

C

z

否则会影响后糖化 作用和淀粉

的酒精产率。以淀粉质原料生产酒精的后发酵阶段一般需要

40h

左右才能

完成,这是酒精发酵延续时间最长的阶段。为了提高设备 利用率和酒精的

发酵强度,采用强制循环等措施来强化后发酵是十分必 要的。

近年来高强度酒精发酵、细胞回用发酵、塔式发酵、透析膜发酵、固定 化

细胞发酵、萃取发酵、真空发酵、膜回收酒精发酵、中空纤维发酵、 固体

发酵等新技术均取得很大研究进展。

(6)

蒸储,酵母将醪液中的糖转化为酒精,除此之外,成熟醪液中还 含有许

多固形物及其他杂质。蒸储提纯即把成熟醪液中所含的酒精提取 出来,经

粗储与精储,最终得到合格的酒精,同时还含有杂醇油等副产 物,大量酒

糟被除去。

发酵成熟醪的成分随原料的种类、加工方式、菌种性能不同而不同,分 成

不挥发性成分和挥发性成分两大类。不挥发性成分包括甘油、琥珀酸、 乳

酸、脂肪酸、无机盐、酵母菌体、不发酵性及未发酵完全的糖、皮壳、 纤

维等。这这些成分易与酒精等挥发性成分分离。挥发性杂质共有

40

多种,

包括醇类、醛类、酸类和酯类等四大类,它们也随着酒精蒸储进 入粗酒精

中,除去这些杂质的过程在酒精生产工艺中称为精储。在精储 中,沸点比

酒精低的杂质先被蒸储出,称为中间杂质,包括乙醛、乙酸 乙酯和甲酸甲

酯等;有些比乙醇沸点高的杂质出现在蒸储尾中,呈油状 浮在液面,称为

尾级杂质,又称杂醇油。

淀粉质原料多采用三塔式蒸储流程,糖蜜原料多采用间接式液相过塔的 双

塔式蒸储流程,纤维质原料和亚硫酸盐纸浆废液多采用多塔式蒸储流 程。

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File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1716816782)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1716816782)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1717267948)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1717267948)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1718336562)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1718336562)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1718388247)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1718388247)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1718389720)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1718389720)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1095, humandate(1729971644)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(26))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
Error[2]: Trying to access array offset on value of type int, File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/xiunophp/xiunophp.min.php, Line: 54
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 1096, humandate(1729971644)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/model_thread.func.php, Line: 662, well_thread_format(array(27))
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm, Line: 249, well_thread_find_asc(array(20) , 20)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php, Line: 204, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/view_template_d8_htm_read.htm)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php, Line: 129, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/route_read.php)
File: /www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/index.php, Line: 29, include(/www/wwwroot/www.usbmi.com/tmp/index.inc.php)
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